University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)

Counters are circuits or networks which count pulses. It is important to define a few terms used in describing various circuits or networks. A sequential circuit is said to be a Moore machine or Moore network if its output is a direct function of its present state only and not of its input.

A register is collection of binary storage cells capable of holding binary information. Since flip-flops are memory elements capable of storing binary information, so a group of flip-flops working together constitute a register. To form an n-bit register, n flip-flops are required. Registers comprise of flip-flops and may contain combinational circuits.

For more complex combinational problems with a larger number of inputs, one can resort to the use of a minimization algorithm, such as Quine-McCluskey. In practice however most designs are implemented using programmable Ics.

A prime implicant of a logic function is a normal product term that cannot be reduced further, obtained from the circled 1s. A minimal sum is a sum of prime implicants.

These lecture notes have been uniquely reconstructed into mind maps, in a step-by-step manner of building on information. These mind maps are all you need to understand programming and will guarantee you a distinction for this module.

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