Highflyer

which of the following hormones is secreted by the kidney? aldosterone angiotensin somatostatin renin correct answer: renin the kidneys receive approximately_______% of the cardiac output under normal physiologic conditions. 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 correct answer: 20-25 when tubular filtrate enters the late distal tubule and collecting tubule, it is hypertonic hypotonic isotonic none of the above correct answer: hypotonic when the tubular filtrate enters the late distal tub...

What foods are high in potassium? correct answer: Bananas Oranges Milk Potatoes Plums (prunes) tomatoes What lab values are monitored for assessing bone disease? correct answer: Calcium, Phosphorus, PTH What is the most common cause of chronic kidney failure in the US? correct answer: Diabetes What is the reason potassium dialyzes and RBC's do not? correct answer: Potassium has a smaller molecular weight What is an acceptable limit for chlorine's in water? correct answ...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) differs from hemodialysis in which of the following ways? correct answer: PD access is by intra-abdominal catheter The main difference between an arteriovenous shunt (AVS) and an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an? correct answer: AVF is entirely within the arm Which of the dialyzers is used currently? correct answer: Coil Which of the following kidney structures connects with and delivers urine directly to the ureter? correct answer: Pelvis The glomerular...

Functions of the renal system correct answer: acid-base balance fluid and electrolyte balance excretion renin secretion regulates BP RBC production vitamin D synthesis What do we call electrolytes and buffers? correct answer: dialysate Dialysate is the concentration for what gradient? correct answer: diffusion What are other names for a filter? correct answer: membrane dialyzer What do we call the net volume of fluid removed from the vascular system? correct answer: ultra...

List the limitations of the modification diet of renal disease (MDRD) and Cockgraft-Gault equations correct answer: The major limitation for both equations is that at glomerular filtration rates above 60, their estimation is not accurate. The equation is much more accurate for stages II to V. Cockgraft-Gault does not take into account ethnicity or nutritional status. The MDRD is preferred because it has been extensively studied and takes into account other variables. MDRD is limited in th...

Who first described Dialysis? correct answer: Thomas Graham in 1854 Who first described renal failure? correct answer: Richard bright Who was the first MD to perform HD(hemodialysis) on a patient? correct answer: George Haas 1924 Who is considered the father of dialysis? correct answer: Willem Kollf Why is Willem Kollf considered the father of dialysis? correct answer: He is responsible for the first artificial dialyzer and blue print for the first Dialysis machine What regul...

GFR of Stage 1. Normal kidney function but urine or other abnormalities point to kidney disease. correct answer: 90+ GFR of Stage 2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other abnormalities point to kidney disease. correct answer: 60-89 GFR of Stage 3. Moderately reduced kidney function. correct answer: 30-59 GFR of Stage 2. Severely reduced kidney function. correct answer: 15-29 GFR of Stage 1. Very severely reduced kidney function (also called End Stage Renal Disease). corr...

The nurse instructs a client with renal failure who is receiving hemodialysis about dietary modifications. The nurse determines that the client understands these dietary modifications if the client selects which items from the menu? a. Cream of wheat, blueberries, coffee b. Sausage and eggs, banana, orange juice. c. Bacon, cantaloupe melon, tomato juice. d. Cured pork, grits, strawberries, orange juice. correct answer: A The diet for a client with renal failure who is receiving hemodialysi...

The patient with CKD is receiving dialysis, and the nurse observes excoriations on the patient's skin. What pathophysiologic changes in CKD can contribute to this finding (select all that apply)? a. Dry skin b. Sensory neuropathy c. Vascular calcifications d. Calcium-phosphate skin deposits e. Uremic crystallization from high BUN correct answer: a, b, d. Pruritus is common in patients receiving dialysis. It causes scratching from dry skin, sensory neuropathy, and calcium-phosphate d...

Movement of fluid/molecules across a semipermeable membrane from 1 compartment to another - Used to correct fluid/electrolyte imbalances & to remove waste products in renal failure correct answer: dialysis When the GFR is _____, we need to initiate dialysis. correct answer: less than 15 mL/min What uremic complications can indicate a need for dialysis? correct answer: o Encephalopathy o Pericarditis o Neuropathies o Uncontrolled hyperkalemia o Accelerated HTN What are the 2 meth...