exams and notes

Which of the following would be the earliest auscultatory finding in left ventricular failure (LVF)? A. Crackles B. S3 C. Murmur of mitral regurgitation D. Pericardial friction rub - ANSB. S3 LVF would be the most subtle because early changes are usually subtle changes. Choose "S3." A patient with a triple-lumen subclavian catheter has been receiving total parenteral nutrition, maintenance fluids, and antibiotics by the catheter. He has been slightly confused. Suddenly he grasps the ...

A 56 yr-old male is admitted to the ICU with a blood pressure of 225/135 and complains of a headache and nausea. He reports he ran out of blood pressure meds three days ago, but also appears to be confused to the date and situation. What is the most appropriate treatment approach? - ANSRapidly lower the diastolic pressure to 100 with IV antihypertensive meds, then continue to gradually reduce the diastolic pressure to 85 with oral antihypertensive meds. The maximum initial decrease should ...

What is vasogenic cerebral edema? - ANSVasogenic cerebral edema is an increase in extracellular fluid caused by a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier with the resultant increase in vascular permeability. This cerebral edema begins locally and becomes more generalized. Common causes are trauma (including surgical trauma), tumors, hemorrhage, and abscesses What ventilator parameter indicates fluid volume excess? - ANSAn A:a gradient greater than 10 mm Hg is a reflection of a diffusion defec...

SIADH - ANStoo much ADH low Na, hypo-osmolar, low UOP ADH - ANSmade in hypothalamus stored in pituitary released to kidney and makes kidney hold onto h20 serum osmolarity - ANSNa X2 275-295 low=fluid overloaded high=concentrated SIADH CAUSES - ANSoat cell carcinoma (bronchogenic CA)-makes its own ADH Viral PNA Head Problem inc. serum osmo, anesthesia, analgesics, stress COMPLICATIONS OF SIADH - ANSSz's TREATMENT of SIADH - ANSget rid of causes fluid restrictions hypertonic solut...

One day following posterior spinal fusion surgery a 35 year old female suddenly exhibits restlessness, labored breathing and acute chest pain. Her heart rate is 122/min., she is afebrile, and exhibits slightly diminished breath sounds on the right side. The findings described above should lead the nurse to suspect that the patient has developed: A. A spontaneous pneumothorax B. A pulmonary embolus C. Aspiration pneumonia D. A pleural effusion One day following posterior spinal fusion sur...

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute inferior wall MI, post-coronary artery stent deployment. For optimal care of the patient, the nurse should: a) administer an analgesic for acute back pain b) Apply pressure dressing to groin c) Continuously monitor the patient in lead II d) Maintain the patient in a supine position - ansAnswer: C It is best practice to continuously monitor the patient status post PCI with stent, in the lead that was most abnormal during the acute occlusion. Lea...

ADH - ansPhenytoin inhibits _______ secretion Right - ansMost episodes of aspiration result in (right/left) lung infiltrates. urine creatinine clearance - ansBest indicator of GFR Auto-PEEP - ansIn a vented patient with status asthmaticus, check for _______________ Air trapping - ansAn increase in auto-PEEP is a sign of _________________. obstructive pulmonary disease - ansA patient with a flattened diaphragm on a Chest X-ray and decreased expiratory flow rate most likely has what type of ...

A 17 year old is demonstrating a sudden decline in grades, increased unexcused absences, and inability to concentrate when in school. Facial affect has changed from friendly to flat. When approached, the student states he is fine. Reports indicate the client responds to music, so a music therapy referral is requested. To assess possible causes of the change in behavior, a music therapist should FIRST - ansidentify current stressors in the student's life. A 52-year-old woman hospitalized fo...

cardiac output - ANSThe volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one minute. 4-8 L/min HR x SV Cardiac Index - ANSCO/BSA 2.5-4.3 Stroke Volume (SV) - ANSThe amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction. (Vol ejected with each beat) 60-100 Preload. Afterload Contractility Stoke Volume Index (SVI) - ANS35-60 Preload - ANSvolume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole Pressure generated by vol of blood in ventricle at end of diastole RV: cvp right...

You are monitoring a patient with a pulmonary artery catheter. You are unable to measure the patient's pulmonary artery wedge pressure. To obtain a value that corresponds to the pulmonary artery wedge pressure, you check the: A. Right ventricular pressure B. Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure C. Pulmonary artery mean pressure D. Right atrial pressure - ANSB. Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure When you cannot obtain a pulmonary artery wedge pressure, use the pulmonary artery diastolic ...