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Stridor: Signifies the trachea is narrowing. Humidify: >4L Rhonchi: Signifies mucus in the airways. Wheezing: Signifies constriction in the bronchi/bronchioles. Crackles: Signifies fluid in the alveoli. Pad these areas to prevent skin breakdown: behind ears Lubricate with nonpetroleum lubricant. Teach patient to clean devices with soap and water.

1. Select All That Apply (SATA) A nurse is reviewing the chart of a 45- year-old White woman recently diagnosed with otosclerosis. Which findings are consistent with the known pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of this condition? A. The hearing loss started in one ear but has the potential to affect both. B. Normal bone is destroyed and replaced with spongelike bone on the ossicles. C. The primary hearing loss is sensorineural due resulting from damage to the organ of Corti. D....

Question 1 A nurse is assessing a patient who experienced a ligament injury during a sporting event. The patient reports severe pain and the nurse notes significant instability in the affected joint. Based on the classification system for ligament injuries, which grade does the nurse anticipate the physician will assign? A. Grade 1 B. Grade 2 C. Grade 3 D. Micro failure Question 2 A 45-year-old construction worker sustained a crush injury to the lower leg. Examination reveals an unstab...

Question 1 A patient suffered severe global ischemia following a myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse understands that the resulting generalized brain edema is primarily due to which cellular mechanism? A. Increased vessel pressure causing a midline shift (vasogenic edema) B. Cellular energy failure leading to decreased ATP and subsequent Na+ accumulation inside the cell C. Excessive influx of water and Ca+ into the cells due to increased glutamate D. Compression of the cerebral vessels ...

1. A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who has been fasting for 48 hours. Which sequence of metabolic processes best describes how the body is maintaining blood glucose stability during this prolonged fasting state? A. Glycogenesis followed by glycolysis, supported by increased insulin release. B. Glycogenolysis followed rapidly by gluconeogenesis, initiated by a decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon. C. Lipolysis followed by glycolysis, triggered by parasympathetic nervo...

Question 1 A nurse is reviewing the chart of a patient who was exposed to a known viral pathogen 10 days ago but has not yet reported feeling ill. The time interval between the patient’s exposure to the pathogen and the appearance of the first signs and symptoms is defined as which period of pathogenesis? A. Latent period B. Prodromal period C. Convalescence D. Incubation period Answer: D. Incubation period Rationale: The incubation period is specifically defined as the time between ex...

1. A patient presents with signs of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The nurse understands that the mechanism leading to the characteristic urinary symptoms in BPH is primarily related to which pathophysiological process? A. Malignant cellular destruction of the prostate gland tissue. B. Inflammation and resulting scar tissue formation within the prostate and urethra. C. Increased number of cells in the prostate causing enlargement and urethral compression. D. An autoimmune response ca...

Question 1 A nurse is assessing a client who reports a "bearing-down" sensation and general vaginal discomfort. Upon examination, the nurse notes that the cervix is halfway between the vaginal introitus and the ischial spines. This presentation is classified as which degree of Uterine Prolapse? A. 3rd degree B. 2nd degree C. 1st degree D. Protrusion Question 2 The nurse is differentiating between a Cystocele and a Rectocele. Which finding is specific to the pathophysiology of a Cy...

Gonorrhea Pathophysiology & Etiology  Associated with gram negative bacteria diplococcus N. gonorrheae  Transmission o Exudates of an infected person makes direct contact with mucous membranes of another person o Leads to inflammatory response in the columnar epithelium of infected area  Occurs most often in teens and young adults Clinical Manifestations  Women o Often asymptomatic o Purulent discharge o Dysuria o Vaginal bleeding o Commonly infected areas  Cervix ...

Body Fluid Homeostasis Major Cations: Sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and hydrogen (H+). Major Anions: Chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and phosphate (PO43−). Body Fluid Compartments  Intracellular compartment: Rich in potassium, magnesium, proteins, organic and inorganic phosphates. Low in sodium and chloride.  Extracellular compartment: Divided into vascular (rich in protein) and interstitial (few proteins). Rich in sodium, chloride, and...