Chapter 9 DNA Structure & Replication
Exam Study Guide | High-Yield Genetics
Latest Update Graded A+
The jobs of genetic material
Genetic material must carry out two jobs : duplicate itself and control the development of the
rest of the cell in a specific way" Francis Crick
nucleotide
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a
5-carbon sugar
ribose
a 5-carbon sugar in RNA
deoxyribose
5-carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide
adenine (A)
One of the two purine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
thymine (T)
One of the two pyrimidine bases in DNA
guanine (G)
One of the two purine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
cytosine (C)
One of the two pyrimidine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
gene
A sequence of DNA that instructs a cell to produce a particular protein
purines
A nucleic acid base with two-ring structure; adenine and guanine are purines
, pyrimidines
A nucleic acid base with a single-ring structure; cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines
complementary base pairs
The pairs of DNA bases that hydrogen bond; adenine bonds to thymine, and guanine to cytosine
sugar-phosphate backbone
The "rails" of a DNA double helix, consisting of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups,
oriented opposite one another.
antiparallel
The head-to-tail position of the entwined chains of the DNA double helix.
chromatin
DNA and its associated proteins.
histone
A type of protein around which DNA entwines in a regular pattern.
nucleosomes
A unit of chromatin structure.
semiconservative
DNA synthesis along each half of the double helix.
Replication forks
Locally opened portion of a replicating DNA double helix.
DNA polymerase
An enzyme that adds new bases to replicating DNA and corrects mismatched base pairs.
ligase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone of
the nucleic acid.
polymerase chain reaction; PCR
A nucleic acid amplification technique in which a DNA sequence is replicated in a test tube to
rapidly produce many copies.
Exam Study Guide | High-Yield Genetics
Latest Update Graded A+
The jobs of genetic material
Genetic material must carry out two jobs : duplicate itself and control the development of the
rest of the cell in a specific way" Francis Crick
nucleotide
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a
5-carbon sugar
ribose
a 5-carbon sugar in RNA
deoxyribose
5-carbon sugar in a DNA nucleotide
adenine (A)
One of the two purine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
thymine (T)
One of the two pyrimidine bases in DNA
guanine (G)
One of the two purine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
cytosine (C)
One of the two pyrimidine nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
gene
A sequence of DNA that instructs a cell to produce a particular protein
purines
A nucleic acid base with two-ring structure; adenine and guanine are purines
, pyrimidines
A nucleic acid base with a single-ring structure; cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines
complementary base pairs
The pairs of DNA bases that hydrogen bond; adenine bonds to thymine, and guanine to cytosine
sugar-phosphate backbone
The "rails" of a DNA double helix, consisting of alternating deoxyribose and phosphate groups,
oriented opposite one another.
antiparallel
The head-to-tail position of the entwined chains of the DNA double helix.
chromatin
DNA and its associated proteins.
histone
A type of protein around which DNA entwines in a regular pattern.
nucleosomes
A unit of chromatin structure.
semiconservative
DNA synthesis along each half of the double helix.
Replication forks
Locally opened portion of a replicating DNA double helix.
DNA polymerase
An enzyme that adds new bases to replicating DNA and corrects mismatched base pairs.
ligase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds in the sugar-phosphate backbone of
the nucleic acid.
polymerase chain reaction; PCR
A nucleic acid amplification technique in which a DNA sequence is replicated in a test tube to
rapidly produce many copies.
