XML : eXtensible Markup
Language
Prof. dr. J. Paredaens
mmv. M. Mampaey
TU/e
1. Introduction to XML
2. XPath
3. XQuery
4. Typing in XQuery
5. Document Type Definitions
6. XML Schema
7. Light XQuery
8. XSLT
1
,I. XML
[1] www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0
[2] www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1
[3] www.w3.org/TR/xpath
[4] P.M. Lewis, A. Bernstein, M. Kifer, Databases and
Transaction Processing, Addison Wesley, Chapter
17, 2002
[5] D. Chamberlin, XQuery, a query language for XML,
Web, June 2003
[6] www.w3.org/TR/xquery
[7] www.w3.org/XML/Query
[8] www.w3.org/TR/xslt20
[9] Draper et al, XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Formal
Semantics, www.w3.org/TR/xquery-semantics/,
2003
[10] M. Brundage, XQuery, Add. Wesley, 2004
[11] J. McGovern, P. Bothner, K. Cagle, J. Linn, V.
Nagarajan, XQuery, Sams Publ., 2004
[12] H. Katz, XQuery from the Experts, Add. Wesley, 2004
!
2
, # $ % &!'
• Web data for human consumption
– HTML (Cfr. next slide)
– Self describing: attribute names are included
• but not explicitly separated from data values
• Web data for machine consumption
– Characteristics of Semistructured Data:
• object-like
• schemaless
• self-describing
– XML
• (optional) structure descr.: DTD, XML Schema
"
HTML-document
<html>
<head><Title>Student List</Title></head>
<body>
<h1>ListName: Students</h1>
<dl>
<dt>Name: Jan Vijs
<dd>Id: 11
<dd>Address:
<ul>
<li>Number: 123
<li>Street: Turnstreet
</ul>
<dt>Name: Jan De Moor
<dd>Id: 66
<dd>Address:
<ul>
<li>Number: 4
<li>Street: Hole Rd
</ul>
</dl>
</body>
</html>
(
3
, • Why is XML important?
– simple open non-proprietary widely accepted data
exchange format
• XML is like HTML but
– no fixed set of tags
• X = “extensible”
– no fixed semantics (c.q. representation) of tags
• representation determined by separate ‘stylesheet’
• semantics determined by application
– no fixed structure
• user-defined schemas
)
XML-document – Running example 1
<?xml version ="1.0"?>
<PersonList Type="Student" Date="2004-12-12">
<Title Value="Student List"/>
<Contents>
<Person>
<Name>Jan Vijs</Name>
<Id>11</Id>
<Address>
<Number>123</Number>
<Street>Turnstreet</Street>
</Address>
</Person>
<Person>
<Id>66</Id>
<Address>
<Number>4</Number>
<Street>Hole Rd</Street>
</Address>
</Person>
</Contents>
</PersonList>
4
Language
Prof. dr. J. Paredaens
mmv. M. Mampaey
TU/e
1. Introduction to XML
2. XPath
3. XQuery
4. Typing in XQuery
5. Document Type Definitions
6. XML Schema
7. Light XQuery
8. XSLT
1
,I. XML
[1] www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-0
[2] www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1
[3] www.w3.org/TR/xpath
[4] P.M. Lewis, A. Bernstein, M. Kifer, Databases and
Transaction Processing, Addison Wesley, Chapter
17, 2002
[5] D. Chamberlin, XQuery, a query language for XML,
Web, June 2003
[6] www.w3.org/TR/xquery
[7] www.w3.org/XML/Query
[8] www.w3.org/TR/xslt20
[9] Draper et al, XQuery 1.0 and XPath 2.0 Formal
Semantics, www.w3.org/TR/xquery-semantics/,
2003
[10] M. Brundage, XQuery, Add. Wesley, 2004
[11] J. McGovern, P. Bothner, K. Cagle, J. Linn, V.
Nagarajan, XQuery, Sams Publ., 2004
[12] H. Katz, XQuery from the Experts, Add. Wesley, 2004
!
2
, # $ % &!'
• Web data for human consumption
– HTML (Cfr. next slide)
– Self describing: attribute names are included
• but not explicitly separated from data values
• Web data for machine consumption
– Characteristics of Semistructured Data:
• object-like
• schemaless
• self-describing
– XML
• (optional) structure descr.: DTD, XML Schema
"
HTML-document
<html>
<head><Title>Student List</Title></head>
<body>
<h1>ListName: Students</h1>
<dl>
<dt>Name: Jan Vijs
<dd>Id: 11
<dd>Address:
<ul>
<li>Number: 123
<li>Street: Turnstreet
</ul>
<dt>Name: Jan De Moor
<dd>Id: 66
<dd>Address:
<ul>
<li>Number: 4
<li>Street: Hole Rd
</ul>
</dl>
</body>
</html>
(
3
, • Why is XML important?
– simple open non-proprietary widely accepted data
exchange format
• XML is like HTML but
– no fixed set of tags
• X = “extensible”
– no fixed semantics (c.q. representation) of tags
• representation determined by separate ‘stylesheet’
• semantics determined by application
– no fixed structure
• user-defined schemas
)
XML-document – Running example 1
<?xml version ="1.0"?>
<PersonList Type="Student" Date="2004-12-12">
<Title Value="Student List"/>
<Contents>
<Person>
<Name>Jan Vijs</Name>
<Id>11</Id>
<Address>
<Number>123</Number>
<Street>Turnstreet</Street>
</Address>
</Person>
<Person>
<Id>66</Id>
<Address>
<Number>4</Number>
<Street>Hole Rd</Street>
</Address>
</Person>
</Contents>
</PersonList>
4
