Physics
Mock-1 Grade-10
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Forces & Energy
Mass, Volume & Density
Mass: Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity and does not depend on the
object's location.
- SI Unit: Kilograms (kg).
Weight: Is the force that a body of mass applies on a given surface, it is mass x 10 (acceleration due to gravity)
Volume: The amount of 3-dimensional space that an object occupies
- SI Unit: Cubic meters (m³).
Density: Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. It describes how much matter is packed into a given
volume. The amount of substance in a given space.
- SI Unit: density (kg/m³)
- m = mass (kg)
- V = volume (m³).
- Formula: p= m/v
Forces Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity & Acceleration
- Distance: The length a body initially covers in a given journey. It can also be described as the length
between 2 points (m/km)
- Displacement: Displacement is the change in the position of an object. It is a vector quantity that has both
magnitude and direction. It only counts the shortest distance from the starting point which means that if you
start where you stopped then it is 0 displacement (m/km). It is the shortest distance between 2 points and it
is always equal to or less than the distance
- Speed: Time taken to cover a certain amount of distance, rate of movement (m/s) calculated by distance
covered over a period
1. Formula = Distance / over time
- Velocity: Velocity is the rate of change of an object's position relative to time and a frame of reference. It's
a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction. It can be calculated by the
displacement over time.
1. Formula = Displacement / over time
- Acceleration: Acceleration can be defined as the rate of velocity change, which means the velocity changes
over time. There is uniform and nonuniform deceleration and acceleration (non-uniform is when velocity
changes unequally in equal time intervals). Positive value = right acceleration OR negative value =
deceleration. (in this positive negative doesn't describe direction)
1. Formula = Final - Initial velocity / overtime OR v-u/t
- Average Speed: The total distance traveled by an object divided by the total time it took to travel that
distance. The average speed is constant for the entire duration of motion. Because the journey will have
, different speeds at different times, the speed will keep changing over these equal times. Covers the same
distance at varying times
- Thrust: Thrust is generated by accelerating a mass of gas, such as air, in one direction.
- The accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction to be applied to the
system.
- The thrust is generated in the opposite direction from the accelerated gas.
1. Total distance / total time
- Instantaneous speed: The speed of an object at a specific moment in time. For example, the speed shown
on a car's speedometer is the instantaneous speed (at one point on the line)
- Normal force: The normal force is the force that surfaces exert to prevent solid objects from passing
through each other. It occurs perpendicular to the surface pusing up the object enerusing that it is upright. If
the force of gravity pulling the object down and the normal force it has are equal, the object will have net
zero force. Letting it stay stabl because no unbalanced force is acting upon it.
Right = +
Left = -
When teh forces are balacned they cancel each other out. (like at terminal velocity where force of gravity equals to
the air resistance that the person is facing, allowing them to fall at a constant speed.)
Friction is irregularities on the surface upon which the object is moving, opposing the force of motion. Movernt
regardless of this will case heat.
, Weight and Mass
Pair Fundamental Dependent/Derived Example / Notes
Concept Counterpart
Mass vs. Mass (amount of Weight = mass × gravity Weight changes with gravity;
Weight matter) mass doesn’t.
Charge vs. Electric charge Electric force = q × E The force depends on the charge
Electric Force (q) and electric field strength (E).
Magnetic Magnetic field Magnetic force = q × v × B Only moving charges (with
Field vs. (B) velocity v) experience a force in a
Magnetic magnetic field.
Force
Spring Spring constant Force = k × x Hooke’s Law: force depends on
Constant vs. (k) how much the spring is
Force stretched/compressed (x).
Area vs. Area Pressure = force ÷ area Pressure increases if force is
Pressure applied to a smaller area.
, Inertia vs. Net Inertia (related to Net force = mass × Inertia resists change; net force
Force mass) acceleration (Newton’s 2nd causes change.
law)
Potential Potential energy Force = negative gradient Force is derived from how
Energy vs. (PE) of PE quickly PE changes with position.
Force
Voltage vs. Voltage (potential Electric field = voltage ÷ Electric field is the rate of change
Electric Field difference) distance of voltage.
Motion graphs
Distance vs time graphs
The properties include the fact that the
- Increasing Slope: As the slope of the graph becomes steeper, the object is accelerating faster. This means
the object is covering more distance in less time.
- Decreasing Slope: As the slope becomes less steep, the object is decelerating (or slowing down). This
means the object is covering less distance in the same amount of time.
- Gradient: Velocity
-
Rest Constant speed
Constant acceleration Constant deceleration
Speed vs time graphs
The properties include the fact that the
- The area under a graph at one point includes the distance traveled
- The gradient is the acceleration
- Constant curve Up: Constant acceleration
- Constant curve Down: Constant deceleration
- Straight line: Constant velocity.
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Mock-1 Grade-10
____________________________________________________
Forces & Energy
Mass, Volume & Density
Mass: Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a scalar quantity and does not depend on the
object's location.
- SI Unit: Kilograms (kg).
Weight: Is the force that a body of mass applies on a given surface, it is mass x 10 (acceleration due to gravity)
Volume: The amount of 3-dimensional space that an object occupies
- SI Unit: Cubic meters (m³).
Density: Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. It describes how much matter is packed into a given
volume. The amount of substance in a given space.
- SI Unit: density (kg/m³)
- m = mass (kg)
- V = volume (m³).
- Formula: p= m/v
Forces Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity & Acceleration
- Distance: The length a body initially covers in a given journey. It can also be described as the length
between 2 points (m/km)
- Displacement: Displacement is the change in the position of an object. It is a vector quantity that has both
magnitude and direction. It only counts the shortest distance from the starting point which means that if you
start where you stopped then it is 0 displacement (m/km). It is the shortest distance between 2 points and it
is always equal to or less than the distance
- Speed: Time taken to cover a certain amount of distance, rate of movement (m/s) calculated by distance
covered over a period
1. Formula = Distance / over time
- Velocity: Velocity is the rate of change of an object's position relative to time and a frame of reference. It's
a vector quantity, which means it has both magnitude and direction. It can be calculated by the
displacement over time.
1. Formula = Displacement / over time
- Acceleration: Acceleration can be defined as the rate of velocity change, which means the velocity changes
over time. There is uniform and nonuniform deceleration and acceleration (non-uniform is when velocity
changes unequally in equal time intervals). Positive value = right acceleration OR negative value =
deceleration. (in this positive negative doesn't describe direction)
1. Formula = Final - Initial velocity / overtime OR v-u/t
- Average Speed: The total distance traveled by an object divided by the total time it took to travel that
distance. The average speed is constant for the entire duration of motion. Because the journey will have
, different speeds at different times, the speed will keep changing over these equal times. Covers the same
distance at varying times
- Thrust: Thrust is generated by accelerating a mass of gas, such as air, in one direction.
- The accelerated mass will cause a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction to be applied to the
system.
- The thrust is generated in the opposite direction from the accelerated gas.
1. Total distance / total time
- Instantaneous speed: The speed of an object at a specific moment in time. For example, the speed shown
on a car's speedometer is the instantaneous speed (at one point on the line)
- Normal force: The normal force is the force that surfaces exert to prevent solid objects from passing
through each other. It occurs perpendicular to the surface pusing up the object enerusing that it is upright. If
the force of gravity pulling the object down and the normal force it has are equal, the object will have net
zero force. Letting it stay stabl because no unbalanced force is acting upon it.
Right = +
Left = -
When teh forces are balacned they cancel each other out. (like at terminal velocity where force of gravity equals to
the air resistance that the person is facing, allowing them to fall at a constant speed.)
Friction is irregularities on the surface upon which the object is moving, opposing the force of motion. Movernt
regardless of this will case heat.
, Weight and Mass
Pair Fundamental Dependent/Derived Example / Notes
Concept Counterpart
Mass vs. Mass (amount of Weight = mass × gravity Weight changes with gravity;
Weight matter) mass doesn’t.
Charge vs. Electric charge Electric force = q × E The force depends on the charge
Electric Force (q) and electric field strength (E).
Magnetic Magnetic field Magnetic force = q × v × B Only moving charges (with
Field vs. (B) velocity v) experience a force in a
Magnetic magnetic field.
Force
Spring Spring constant Force = k × x Hooke’s Law: force depends on
Constant vs. (k) how much the spring is
Force stretched/compressed (x).
Area vs. Area Pressure = force ÷ area Pressure increases if force is
Pressure applied to a smaller area.
, Inertia vs. Net Inertia (related to Net force = mass × Inertia resists change; net force
Force mass) acceleration (Newton’s 2nd causes change.
law)
Potential Potential energy Force = negative gradient Force is derived from how
Energy vs. (PE) of PE quickly PE changes with position.
Force
Voltage vs. Voltage (potential Electric field = voltage ÷ Electric field is the rate of change
Electric Field difference) distance of voltage.
Motion graphs
Distance vs time graphs
The properties include the fact that the
- Increasing Slope: As the slope of the graph becomes steeper, the object is accelerating faster. This means
the object is covering more distance in less time.
- Decreasing Slope: As the slope becomes less steep, the object is decelerating (or slowing down). This
means the object is covering less distance in the same amount of time.
- Gradient: Velocity
-
Rest Constant speed
Constant acceleration Constant deceleration
Speed vs time graphs
The properties include the fact that the
- The area under a graph at one point includes the distance traveled
- The gradient is the acceleration
- Constant curve Up: Constant acceleration
- Constant curve Down: Constant deceleration
- Straight line: Constant velocity.
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