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1º AV block
- answer-long PR
2º AV block type 1
- answer-lengthening PR until QRS is dropped
2º AV block type 2
- answer-consistent PR with dropped QRS
3 steps of pain management
- answer-1. aspirin, tylenol, NSAIDs
2. codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol (only with NSAIDS)
3. morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, fentanyl
3º AV block
- answer-atrial and ventricular pacing independent of one another
Absent seizure
- answer-sudden arrest of motor activity with blank stare
Acetaminophen intoxication S&S and management
- answer-S&S - nausea/vimiting, RUQ pain, hepatotoxicity (jaundice, elevated
LFTs, long PT, AMS, delirium)
management - activated charcoal, n-acetylcysteine
Actinic keratosis characteristics and treatment
- answer-characteristics - sun-exposed, asymptomatic, small patches, rough, flesh
colored/pink
treatment - liquid nitrogen
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
- answer-Pancytopenia (all labs down) with circulating blasts (hallmark of disease)
More difficult to cure in adults than children
,Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- answer-
Acute pancreatitis causes, S&S, diagnostics, treatment
- answer-causes - escape of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding tissue causing
autodigestion
S&S - severe epigastric pain worse w/ movement and supine, radiates to back,
N/V, weak, sweaty, cool skin, mild jaundice, positive grey turner sign or cullen
sign if hemorrhagic
Diagnosis - hyperglycemia, elevated LDH, AST, amylase, and lipase,
hypocalcemia (Chvostek/trousseau), CT >US
Treatment - NPO, NG suction, IV volume repletion, pain control
acute pulmonary edema management
- answer-oxygen, sitting up, morphine IVP, furosemide IVP, inhaled
sympathomimetics if bronchospasm is severe
Addison's disease causes, S&S, diagnostics, treatment
- answer-cause - autoimmune destruction of adrenal gland, decreased ACTH
S&S - hyperpigmentation in buccal mucosa/skin creases, freckles, tanning,
orthostasis, hypotension, scant pubic hair
diagnosis.- hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, elevated ESR,
lymphocytosis, plasma cortison <5 @8am
treatment - glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement (outpatient) or
hydrocortisone IV w/ NS (inpatient)
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- answer-symptoms - severe dyspnea, respiratory distress, cyanosis, tachycardia,
rales, wheezes
diagnosis - CXR (usually shows white out)
treatment - mechanical vent w/ PEEP 10cm and TV 6-8
Albumin <2.7
- answer-Edema
Albumin levels <3.5
- answer-protein malnutrition
, Anaphylactic shock causes, diagnosis, management
- answer-cause - IgE mediated reaction to allergen
diagnosis - decreased CO/CI, CVP, PCWP, SVR, SVO2
management - fluid resuscitation, stabilize airway, Benadryl, epi, glucocorticoids,
beta agonists for bronchospasm
Anemia of chronic disease characteristics, causes, signs/symptoms, treatment
- answer-characteristics - normocytic, normochromic
causes - decreased erythrocyte lifespan
signs/symptoms - fatigue, weakness, DOE, anorexia
treatment - supportive
Angina types, S&S, diagnosis, treatment
- answer-types - stable (exertional), prinzmetal (random), unstable
S&S - chest pain, ?PAD, Levine sign, S4
Diagnosis - downsloping ST, HLD, coronary angiography is definitive
Management - aspirin, nitrates, BB, CCB, statin therapy
anti-rejection meds following transplant
- answer-1. steroids
2. antimetabolites
3. calcineurin inhibitors OR mTOR inhibitor
Antidepressant Toxicity S&S and management
- answer-S&S - confusion, hallucinations, blurred vision, urinary retention,
hypotension, tachy, hypothermia, seizures
Management - activated charcoal, sodium bicarb if dysrhythmia, dantrolene if
serotonin syndrome, ICU if CNS involvement
Aortic regurgitation
- answer-diastolic, blowing murmur at 2nd ICS
Aortic stenosis
- answer-systolic, rough and harsh murmur at 2nd ICS
Appendicitis S&S, diagnostics, treatment
- answer-S&S - vague/colicky umbilical pain that shifts to RLQ, pain worse w/
coughing; guarding, tenderness, positive Psoas sign, obturator sign, or rovsing's
sign, low fever
diagnosis - CT or ultrasound