PCCN EXAM BUNDLE 2026: 330 QUESTIONS AND
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS!! (ALL THE PCCN EXAM)
_________ is the amount of pressure the left ventricle must work against to pump
blood into the circulation.
- answer-Afterload; The greater this resistance, the more the heart works to pump
out blood.
____________is the stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricles and is determined
by the pressure and amount of blood remaining in the left ventricle at the end of
diastole.
- answer-Preload
This stretching results from blood volume in the ventricles at end-diastole.
According to Starling's Law, the more the heart muscles stretch during diastole, the
more forcefully they contract during diastole.
15 little blocks = __ seconds
- answer-3
A common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy is?
- answer-Glycogen storage disease and Amyloidosis. The myocardium, especially
the left ventricle, becomes rigid from fibrosis, which results in inadequate left
ventricular filling and increased atrial dilation. Left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction occurs, but systolic function remains normal in this type of
cafrdiomyopathy. Fluid backs up into the lungs and the patients looks as if he has
CHF. There is no cure for restrictive cardiomyopathy; instead symptoms are
treated as they occur.
A definitive diagnosis of myocarditis can be made via?
- answer-ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY
A biopsy is the ONLY definitive way to diagnose myocarditis.
,A diastolic murmur will occur as a result of regurgitant blood flow over which of
the following valves?
- answer-Pulmonic and aortic
During ventricular diastole, both the aortic and pulmonic valves close. If a valve is
incompetent, the blood will flow backwards through the valve, creating turbulent
blood flow-- that is, a murmur.
A drug that can cause a significant rise in the INR is?
- answer-AMIODARONE
These cause a SIGNIFICANT rise in INR:
ASA
sulfonamides (ABXs)
cimetidine (Tagamet, an H2 antogonist receptor), fluoroquinolones (ABXs)
macrolide antibiotics
Those below all cause a MODERATE rise in INR:
Ethacrinic acid (loop diuretic, antihypertensive) PCN (ABX)
Statins (anticholesterol medications)
A drug that will significantly decrease the INR would be?
- answer-VITAMIN K
Vitamin K is considered the antidote for warfarin, but can actually lower the INR
too much and increase warfarin resistance, so careful monitoring is needed.
These cause SIGNIFICANT decrease in INR:
Rifampin (ABX)
Phenobarbital (barbiturate anticonvulsant)
Glutethimide (hypnotic sedative)
Those below cause a MODERATE decrease in INR:
Naficillin (narrow spectrum ABX)
High dose Vitamin C (cancer tx)
Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant)
A heart murmur associated with acute valvular regurg would be?
- answer-S4
,S1 and S2 are normal heart sounds
S3 is associated with fluid status
S4 is associated with compliance.
a larger than normal Q wave is a sign of ___
- answer-infarction
A layer of connective tissue which surrounds the heart and acts as a tough,
protective sac. It consists of fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium.
- answer-Pericardium
a loss of 1 L of a fluid that is _____ would result in the greatest decrease in the
effective circulating volume
- answer-isotonic
A normal value for an EF would be?
- answer-The EF should be more than 50%. It represents the amount of blood
ejected from the left ventricle compared to the total amount available, expressed as
a %. An EF of 35% or less indicates a problem with contractility, outflow or
filling.
EXA: If the ventricle contains 90ml of blood and 50mls are ejected, the amount
would be expressed as a %, in this case 55%.
A patient is admitted to the unit with the following laboratory values: urine specific
gravity, 1.010; urine osmolality, 210 mOsm/kg; BUN/Cr ratio 10:1; urine sodium,
96 mEq/L. The urine output has been 60 mL since admission 2 hours ago. These
values are most consistent with which of the following types of acute kidney injury
(AKI)?
- answer-Intrarenal
A patient is being monitored by continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) after
placement of a transvenous pacemaker. "Loss of capture" is seen on the ECG.
Which nursing intervention may correct this situation?
- answer-a. Position the patient on the left side. or reposition the leads
A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Why is appropriate caloric intake important?
- answer-Excessive calorie intake can cause an increase in PaCO2.
, A patient presents with the following: HR, 120 beats/min; BP, 80/44 mm Hg; urine
output averaging 20 mL/hr over the last 4 hours; afebrile; moist rales in the lungs
bilaterally; BUN, 84 mg/dL; creatinine, 3.4 mg/dL. What is the probable cause of
this patient's acute kidney injury (AKI)?
- answer-Left ventricular failure causing prerenal AKI
a patient w/significant Q waves and ST elevation present in leads I and AVL is
said to have:
- answer-acute lateral infarction
a patient w/significant Q waves and ST elevation present in leads II, III and AVF is
said to have:
- answer-acute inferior infarction
a patient w/significant Q waves and ST elevation present in leads V1-V4 is said to
have:
- answer-acute anterior infarction
A patient who is status post heart transplant may have significant bradycardia. The
drug of choice in such cases is:
- answer-Isuproterenol
When the heart is denervated, it has no conduction to the autonomic nervous
system, so a reflexive response does not occur. A sympathetic stimulant must be
used to provide this response. If no other complications occur, the ventricle will
eventually adjust to not receiving autonomic input.
A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury becomes hypotensive and bradycardic.
The nurse will notify the physician and prepare to administer:
- answer-ephedrine
A patient with obstructive jaundice has no prior history of caridac arrhythmias.
Why should he be on a cardiac monitor?
- answer-Obstructive jaundice may lead to cardiac changes, including sinus
bradycardia.
A patient with severe abdominal pain for the last week presents with elevated
amylase, lipase, and a rigid abdomen. What do you suspect?
- answer-pancreatitis
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED PASS!! (ALL THE PCCN EXAM)
_________ is the amount of pressure the left ventricle must work against to pump
blood into the circulation.
- answer-Afterload; The greater this resistance, the more the heart works to pump
out blood.
____________is the stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricles and is determined
by the pressure and amount of blood remaining in the left ventricle at the end of
diastole.
- answer-Preload
This stretching results from blood volume in the ventricles at end-diastole.
According to Starling's Law, the more the heart muscles stretch during diastole, the
more forcefully they contract during diastole.
15 little blocks = __ seconds
- answer-3
A common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy is?
- answer-Glycogen storage disease and Amyloidosis. The myocardium, especially
the left ventricle, becomes rigid from fibrosis, which results in inadequate left
ventricular filling and increased atrial dilation. Left ventricular diastolic
dysfunction occurs, but systolic function remains normal in this type of
cafrdiomyopathy. Fluid backs up into the lungs and the patients looks as if he has
CHF. There is no cure for restrictive cardiomyopathy; instead symptoms are
treated as they occur.
A definitive diagnosis of myocarditis can be made via?
- answer-ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY
A biopsy is the ONLY definitive way to diagnose myocarditis.
,A diastolic murmur will occur as a result of regurgitant blood flow over which of
the following valves?
- answer-Pulmonic and aortic
During ventricular diastole, both the aortic and pulmonic valves close. If a valve is
incompetent, the blood will flow backwards through the valve, creating turbulent
blood flow-- that is, a murmur.
A drug that can cause a significant rise in the INR is?
- answer-AMIODARONE
These cause a SIGNIFICANT rise in INR:
ASA
sulfonamides (ABXs)
cimetidine (Tagamet, an H2 antogonist receptor), fluoroquinolones (ABXs)
macrolide antibiotics
Those below all cause a MODERATE rise in INR:
Ethacrinic acid (loop diuretic, antihypertensive) PCN (ABX)
Statins (anticholesterol medications)
A drug that will significantly decrease the INR would be?
- answer-VITAMIN K
Vitamin K is considered the antidote for warfarin, but can actually lower the INR
too much and increase warfarin resistance, so careful monitoring is needed.
These cause SIGNIFICANT decrease in INR:
Rifampin (ABX)
Phenobarbital (barbiturate anticonvulsant)
Glutethimide (hypnotic sedative)
Those below cause a MODERATE decrease in INR:
Naficillin (narrow spectrum ABX)
High dose Vitamin C (cancer tx)
Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant)
A heart murmur associated with acute valvular regurg would be?
- answer-S4
,S1 and S2 are normal heart sounds
S3 is associated with fluid status
S4 is associated with compliance.
a larger than normal Q wave is a sign of ___
- answer-infarction
A layer of connective tissue which surrounds the heart and acts as a tough,
protective sac. It consists of fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium.
- answer-Pericardium
a loss of 1 L of a fluid that is _____ would result in the greatest decrease in the
effective circulating volume
- answer-isotonic
A normal value for an EF would be?
- answer-The EF should be more than 50%. It represents the amount of blood
ejected from the left ventricle compared to the total amount available, expressed as
a %. An EF of 35% or less indicates a problem with contractility, outflow or
filling.
EXA: If the ventricle contains 90ml of blood and 50mls are ejected, the amount
would be expressed as a %, in this case 55%.
A patient is admitted to the unit with the following laboratory values: urine specific
gravity, 1.010; urine osmolality, 210 mOsm/kg; BUN/Cr ratio 10:1; urine sodium,
96 mEq/L. The urine output has been 60 mL since admission 2 hours ago. These
values are most consistent with which of the following types of acute kidney injury
(AKI)?
- answer-Intrarenal
A patient is being monitored by continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) after
placement of a transvenous pacemaker. "Loss of capture" is seen on the ECG.
Which nursing intervention may correct this situation?
- answer-a. Position the patient on the left side. or reposition the leads
A patient on mechanical ventilation is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
Why is appropriate caloric intake important?
- answer-Excessive calorie intake can cause an increase in PaCO2.
, A patient presents with the following: HR, 120 beats/min; BP, 80/44 mm Hg; urine
output averaging 20 mL/hr over the last 4 hours; afebrile; moist rales in the lungs
bilaterally; BUN, 84 mg/dL; creatinine, 3.4 mg/dL. What is the probable cause of
this patient's acute kidney injury (AKI)?
- answer-Left ventricular failure causing prerenal AKI
a patient w/significant Q waves and ST elevation present in leads I and AVL is
said to have:
- answer-acute lateral infarction
a patient w/significant Q waves and ST elevation present in leads II, III and AVF is
said to have:
- answer-acute inferior infarction
a patient w/significant Q waves and ST elevation present in leads V1-V4 is said to
have:
- answer-acute anterior infarction
A patient who is status post heart transplant may have significant bradycardia. The
drug of choice in such cases is:
- answer-Isuproterenol
When the heart is denervated, it has no conduction to the autonomic nervous
system, so a reflexive response does not occur. A sympathetic stimulant must be
used to provide this response. If no other complications occur, the ventricle will
eventually adjust to not receiving autonomic input.
A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury becomes hypotensive and bradycardic.
The nurse will notify the physician and prepare to administer:
- answer-ephedrine
A patient with obstructive jaundice has no prior history of caridac arrhythmias.
Why should he be on a cardiac monitor?
- answer-Obstructive jaundice may lead to cardiac changes, including sinus
bradycardia.
A patient with severe abdominal pain for the last week presents with elevated
amylase, lipase, and a rigid abdomen. What do you suspect?
- answer-pancreatitis
