Carbohydrate Metabolism
LAQS
1. Enumerate dietary carbohydrates and their sources. Describe how the
dietary carbohydrates are digested in the gastrointestinal tract
2. Define glycolysis , it’s location and end products. Outline the steps of
glycolysis with enzymes catalysing them. Indicate the net ATP yeild in it.
3. Define TCA cycle and explain why it is called a final common
pathway?
4. Briefly outline the steps of TCA cycle pathway explaining how acetyl
CoA is oxidised into CO2 , and H2O
5. Explain the energy yield of oxidation of a molecule of glucose into
TCA cycle.
6. Enumerate the regulatory steps of TCA cycle and explain how it is
regulated.
7. Define gluconeogenesis. Outline the pathway of gluconeogenesis and
explain its metabolic basis giving key reactions.
8. How is glycogen broken down in the body? Explain the hormonal
regulation of the pathway.
9. What is normal fasting plasma Glucose level? How is it regulated?
10. Enumerate the acute & chronic complications of Diabetes mellitus
and briefly describe diabetic ketoacidosis.
11. Explain diabetes mellitus under following headings.
- Defination
- It’s main types
- Characteristic features
- Acute & chronic complications
- Principle of management.
, SAQS
1. GLUTS
2. Types of glucose transporters
3. Lactose intolerance
4. ORS
5. Regulatory and commited steps of glycolysis
6. Compare and contrast glucokinase and hexokinase
7. Rapaport- Leubering cycle
8. Significance of 2,3-BPG
9. Lactic acidosis
10. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
11. Malate Aspartate Shuttle
12. Glycerol Phosphate shuttle
13. Amphibolic role of TCA cycle
14. Anapleurotic reaction of TCA cycle
15. Glucose Alanine cycle & it’s significance
16. Cori’s cycle & it’s significance
17. Substrates for gluconeogenesis
18. Glycogenesis
19. Differences between glycogenolysis in Liver & skeletal muscles.
20. Enlist glycogen storage disesaes with their deficient enzymes.
21. Von Girke Disease
22. Significance of HMP shunt pathway
23. Galactosemia
24. Heriditary Fructose intolerance
25. Essential pentosuria
26. Sources & functions of NADPH
27. Metabolism of alcohol
LAQS
1. Enumerate dietary carbohydrates and their sources. Describe how the
dietary carbohydrates are digested in the gastrointestinal tract
2. Define glycolysis , it’s location and end products. Outline the steps of
glycolysis with enzymes catalysing them. Indicate the net ATP yeild in it.
3. Define TCA cycle and explain why it is called a final common
pathway?
4. Briefly outline the steps of TCA cycle pathway explaining how acetyl
CoA is oxidised into CO2 , and H2O
5. Explain the energy yield of oxidation of a molecule of glucose into
TCA cycle.
6. Enumerate the regulatory steps of TCA cycle and explain how it is
regulated.
7. Define gluconeogenesis. Outline the pathway of gluconeogenesis and
explain its metabolic basis giving key reactions.
8. How is glycogen broken down in the body? Explain the hormonal
regulation of the pathway.
9. What is normal fasting plasma Glucose level? How is it regulated?
10. Enumerate the acute & chronic complications of Diabetes mellitus
and briefly describe diabetic ketoacidosis.
11. Explain diabetes mellitus under following headings.
- Defination
- It’s main types
- Characteristic features
- Acute & chronic complications
- Principle of management.
, SAQS
1. GLUTS
2. Types of glucose transporters
3. Lactose intolerance
4. ORS
5. Regulatory and commited steps of glycolysis
6. Compare and contrast glucokinase and hexokinase
7. Rapaport- Leubering cycle
8. Significance of 2,3-BPG
9. Lactic acidosis
10. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
11. Malate Aspartate Shuttle
12. Glycerol Phosphate shuttle
13. Amphibolic role of TCA cycle
14. Anapleurotic reaction of TCA cycle
15. Glucose Alanine cycle & it’s significance
16. Cori’s cycle & it’s significance
17. Substrates for gluconeogenesis
18. Glycogenesis
19. Differences between glycogenolysis in Liver & skeletal muscles.
20. Enlist glycogen storage disesaes with their deficient enzymes.
21. Von Girke Disease
22. Significance of HMP shunt pathway
23. Galactosemia
24. Heriditary Fructose intolerance
25. Essential pentosuria
26. Sources & functions of NADPH
27. Metabolism of alcohol
