Contents
Chapter 41: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance ........................................................... 2
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 42: Self-Concept .......................................................................................................... 9
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 43: Stress and Adaptation .......................................................................................... 14
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 44: Loss, Grief, and Dying ........................................................................................ 19
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 45: Sensory Functioning ............................................................................................ 24
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 28
Chapter 46: Sexuality .............................................................................................................. 29
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 33
Chapter 47: Spirituality ........................................................................................................... 34
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 38
,1. The student nurse studying fluid and electrolyte balance learns that which of the
following is a function of water? Select all that apply.
a. provide a medium for transporting wastes to cells and nutrients from cells
b. provide a medium for transporting substances throughout the body
c. facilitate cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning
d. act as a buffer for electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
e. help maintain normal body temperature
f. facilitate digestion and promote elimination
2. Which body fluid is the fluid within the cells, constituting about 70% of the total body
water?
a. extracellular fluid (ECF)
b. intracellular fluid (ICF)
c. intravascular fluid
d. interstitial fluid
3. Based on knowledge of total body fluids, a nurse is especially watchful for a fluid
volume deficit in an infant. Why would the nurse do this?
a. Infants have less total body fluid and ECF than adults.
b. Infants have more total body fluid and ECF than adults.
c. Infants drink less fluid than adults.
d. Infants lose more fluids through output than adults.
4. What is the average adult fluid intake and loss in each 24 hours?
a. 500 to 1,000 mL
b. 1,000 to 1,500 mL
c. 1,500 to 2,000 mL
d. 1,500 to 3500 mL
5. A nurse monitoring the intake and output of fluids for a patient with severe diarrhea
knows that normally how many mL of body fluids is lost via the gastrointestinal tract?
a. 300 mL
b. 1,000 mL
c. 1,300 mL
d. 2,600 mL
6. A nurse explains the homeostatic mechanisms involved in fluid homeostasis to a
student nurse. Which of the following statements accurately describe this process?
Select all that apply.
a. The kidneys selectively retain electrolytes and water and excrete wastes and
excesses according to the bodys needs.
, b. The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping and carrying nutrients and
water throughout the body.
c. The thyroid gland secretes aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone that helps the
body conserve sodium, helps save chloride and water, and causes potassium to be
excreted.
d. The lungs regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood, which is
especially crucial in maintaining acidbase balance.
e. Thyroxine, released by the adrenal glands, increases blood flow in the body,
leading to increased renal circulation and resulting in increased glomerular
filtration and urinary output.
f. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of
calcium and phosphorus.
7. By what route do oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lung?
a. osmosis
b. filtration
c. diffusion
d. active transport
8. Which of the following descriptions best summarizes fluid homeostasis?
a. Almost every body organ and system helps maintain homeostasis.
b. The cardiovascular and renal systems primarily maintain homeostasis.
c. Homeostasis is maintained through intra- and extracellular exchange.
d. Homeostasis is maintained by the arterioles, capillaries, and venules.
9. A nurse reads the laboratory report for a patient and notes that the patient has
hyponatremia. What physical assessment would be made?
a. Observe skin color and texture.
b. Auscultate bowel sounds.
c. Percuss lung density.
d. Palpate skin of sternum.
10. A home care patient is complaining of weakness and leg cramps. Per order, the nurse
draws blood and requests a potassium level. What is the rationale for this request?
a. The nurse is concerned that the patients diet has caused sodium loss.
b. The nurse recognizes these symptoms of hypokalemia.
c. The patient is actively seeking increased attention.
d. The patient had bananas and orange juice for breakfast.
11. A patients PaCO2 is abnormal on an ABG report. Which of the following illnesses
would most likely be the medical diagnosis?
a. rheumatoid arthritis
b. sexually transmitted infection
c. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d. infection of the bladder and ureters
, 12. A patient has metabolic (nonrespiratory) acidosis. What type of respirations would be
assessed?
a. periods of apnea
b. decreased depth and rate
c. increased depth and rate
d. alternating fast and slow
13. Which of the following questions about fluid balance would be appropriate when
conducting a health history for a patient?
a. Describe your usual urination habits.
b. Describe your problems with constipation.
c. How did you feel when your calcium was low?
d. Do you eat fruits and vegetables each day?
14. A patient is taking a diuretic that increases her urinary output. What would be an
appropriate nursing diagnosis on which to base a teaching plan?
a. Impaired Skin Integrity
b. Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume
c. Impaired Urinary Elimination
d. Urinary Retention
15. A nurse measures a patients 24-hour fluid intake and documents the findings. To be
an accurate indicator of fluid status, what must the nurse also do with the
information?
a. Compare the patients intake with the normal range of adult fluid intake.
b. Report the exact milliliter of intake to the physicians office nurse.
c. Compare the total intake and output of fluids for the 24 hours.
d. Ensure that the information is included in the verbal end-of-shift report.
16. A nurse reads a complete blood count report for a patient who has been admitted to
the hospital with fluid overload from late-stage kidney disease. What abnormal result
would the nurse expect to find?
a. increased white blood cells
b. increased platelets
c. decreased hematocrit
d. increased hematocrit
17. A patient has a decreased potassium level. What high-potassium foods would the
nurse teach the patient to eat?
a. lunch meat, salted nuts, whole milk
b. buttermilk, hard candy, spinach
c. carbonated beverages, beer, olives
d. oranges, bananas, broccoli
18. A physician writes an order to force fluids. What will be the first action the nurse will
take in implementing this order?
a. Explain to the patient why this is needed.
Chapter 41: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance ........................................................... 2
Answer Key ........................................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 42: Self-Concept .......................................................................................................... 9
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 43: Stress and Adaptation .......................................................................................... 14
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 44: Loss, Grief, and Dying ........................................................................................ 19
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 45: Sensory Functioning ............................................................................................ 24
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 28
Chapter 46: Sexuality .............................................................................................................. 29
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 33
Chapter 47: Spirituality ........................................................................................................... 34
Answer Key ......................................................................................................................... 38
,1. The student nurse studying fluid and electrolyte balance learns that which of the
following is a function of water? Select all that apply.
a. provide a medium for transporting wastes to cells and nutrients from cells
b. provide a medium for transporting substances throughout the body
c. facilitate cellular metabolism and proper cellular chemical functioning
d. act as a buffer for electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
e. help maintain normal body temperature
f. facilitate digestion and promote elimination
2. Which body fluid is the fluid within the cells, constituting about 70% of the total body
water?
a. extracellular fluid (ECF)
b. intracellular fluid (ICF)
c. intravascular fluid
d. interstitial fluid
3. Based on knowledge of total body fluids, a nurse is especially watchful for a fluid
volume deficit in an infant. Why would the nurse do this?
a. Infants have less total body fluid and ECF than adults.
b. Infants have more total body fluid and ECF than adults.
c. Infants drink less fluid than adults.
d. Infants lose more fluids through output than adults.
4. What is the average adult fluid intake and loss in each 24 hours?
a. 500 to 1,000 mL
b. 1,000 to 1,500 mL
c. 1,500 to 2,000 mL
d. 1,500 to 3500 mL
5. A nurse monitoring the intake and output of fluids for a patient with severe diarrhea
knows that normally how many mL of body fluids is lost via the gastrointestinal tract?
a. 300 mL
b. 1,000 mL
c. 1,300 mL
d. 2,600 mL
6. A nurse explains the homeostatic mechanisms involved in fluid homeostasis to a
student nurse. Which of the following statements accurately describe this process?
Select all that apply.
a. The kidneys selectively retain electrolytes and water and excrete wastes and
excesses according to the bodys needs.
, b. The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping and carrying nutrients and
water throughout the body.
c. The thyroid gland secretes aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone that helps the
body conserve sodium, helps save chloride and water, and causes potassium to be
excreted.
d. The lungs regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels of the blood, which is
especially crucial in maintaining acidbase balance.
e. Thyroxine, released by the adrenal glands, increases blood flow in the body,
leading to increased renal circulation and resulting in increased glomerular
filtration and urinary output.
f. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone, which regulates the level of
calcium and phosphorus.
7. By what route do oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lung?
a. osmosis
b. filtration
c. diffusion
d. active transport
8. Which of the following descriptions best summarizes fluid homeostasis?
a. Almost every body organ and system helps maintain homeostasis.
b. The cardiovascular and renal systems primarily maintain homeostasis.
c. Homeostasis is maintained through intra- and extracellular exchange.
d. Homeostasis is maintained by the arterioles, capillaries, and venules.
9. A nurse reads the laboratory report for a patient and notes that the patient has
hyponatremia. What physical assessment would be made?
a. Observe skin color and texture.
b. Auscultate bowel sounds.
c. Percuss lung density.
d. Palpate skin of sternum.
10. A home care patient is complaining of weakness and leg cramps. Per order, the nurse
draws blood and requests a potassium level. What is the rationale for this request?
a. The nurse is concerned that the patients diet has caused sodium loss.
b. The nurse recognizes these symptoms of hypokalemia.
c. The patient is actively seeking increased attention.
d. The patient had bananas and orange juice for breakfast.
11. A patients PaCO2 is abnormal on an ABG report. Which of the following illnesses
would most likely be the medical diagnosis?
a. rheumatoid arthritis
b. sexually transmitted infection
c. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d. infection of the bladder and ureters
, 12. A patient has metabolic (nonrespiratory) acidosis. What type of respirations would be
assessed?
a. periods of apnea
b. decreased depth and rate
c. increased depth and rate
d. alternating fast and slow
13. Which of the following questions about fluid balance would be appropriate when
conducting a health history for a patient?
a. Describe your usual urination habits.
b. Describe your problems with constipation.
c. How did you feel when your calcium was low?
d. Do you eat fruits and vegetables each day?
14. A patient is taking a diuretic that increases her urinary output. What would be an
appropriate nursing diagnosis on which to base a teaching plan?
a. Impaired Skin Integrity
b. Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume
c. Impaired Urinary Elimination
d. Urinary Retention
15. A nurse measures a patients 24-hour fluid intake and documents the findings. To be
an accurate indicator of fluid status, what must the nurse also do with the
information?
a. Compare the patients intake with the normal range of adult fluid intake.
b. Report the exact milliliter of intake to the physicians office nurse.
c. Compare the total intake and output of fluids for the 24 hours.
d. Ensure that the information is included in the verbal end-of-shift report.
16. A nurse reads a complete blood count report for a patient who has been admitted to
the hospital with fluid overload from late-stage kidney disease. What abnormal result
would the nurse expect to find?
a. increased white blood cells
b. increased platelets
c. decreased hematocrit
d. increased hematocrit
17. A patient has a decreased potassium level. What high-potassium foods would the
nurse teach the patient to eat?
a. lunch meat, salted nuts, whole milk
b. buttermilk, hard candy, spinach
c. carbonated beverages, beer, olives
d. oranges, bananas, broccoli
18. A physician writes an order to force fluids. What will be the first action the nurse will
take in implementing this order?
a. Explain to the patient why this is needed.
