Summary Grammar chapter 1-9 Shelmerdine

Sentence patterns
- Intransitive: subject + verb
- Transitive: subject + verb + direct object (accusative)
- Linking: subject + linking verb + subject complement
- Special transitive: subject + verb + object (dative or ablative)
- Factive: subject + factitive verb + direct object + object complement (predicate acc.)
Verbs
- 1st conjugation: -ā-, like amā-, laudā-
- 2nd conjugation: -ē-, like monē-, vidē-
- 3th conjugation: -e-, like rege, regere
- 3th conjugation, special: -io, like capio, capere
- 4th conjugation: -ī-, like audio, audire

Present active indicative (I do, I am doing), ‘amō’ translates as ‘I love’
1st and 2nd conj. 3rd regular 3rd -io 4th
st
1 I -ō -ō -iō -iō
nd
2 You -s -s -is -īs
3rd He, she, it -t -t -it -it
st
1 We -mus -mus -imus -īmus
2nd You (all) -tis -tis -itis -ītis
3th they -unt -nt -iunt -iunt
infinitive Stem + -re

Questions -> first word + -ne

Cases
Case name Common use (EN) Nederlands gebruik
Nominative Subject of a finite verb Onderwerp
Genitive Possession; ‘of …’ Bezit, 2e naamval
Dative Indirect object; ‘to …’ ‘for…’ Meewerkend voorwerp
Accusative Direct object Lijdend voorwerp
Ablative ‘by, with, from, in …’ Bijwoordelijke bepaling
Vocative Direct address Geadresseerde
Locative Place Plaats

Noun, declension (verbuiging)
Declension Genitive singular ending Characteristic vowel
1 -ae Ā
2 -ī O
3 -is Ī (or consonant/medeklinker)
4 -ūs U
5 -ēī, -eī Ē
Stem = word minus genitive singular ending

Gender
- First declension = feminine, except Poeta, Agricola, Incola and Nauta (PAIN)
- Second declension, ending in -us/-er (nominative) = masculine
- Second declension ending in -um = neuter
Dictionary entry: nom. sg, gen. sg, gender