Karch Focus on Nursing Pharmacology Chapter 1
1. Adverse Effects: drugs effects that are not to the desired therapeutic affects;
may be unpleasant or even dangerous
2. Brand Name: name given to a drug the pharmaceutical company that
developed it; also called a trade name
3. Chemical Name: name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug
4. Drugs: chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of
change
5. FDA: federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug
evaluation and distribution policies
6. Generic Drugs: drugs sold by their chemical name, not brand or trade name
products
7. Generic Name: the original designation that a drug is given when the drug
company that develops it applies for the approval process
8. Genetic Engineering: process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce
a chemical to be used as a drug
9. Orphan Drugs: drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for
a drug company to develop; usually drugs that would treat only a small number
of people; these orphans can be adopted by drug companies to be developed
10. Over the Counter OTC: available without a prescription for self treatment of
a variety of complaints, deemed to be safe if used as directed 11.
Pharmacology: the study of the biological effects of chemicals
12. Pharmacotherapeutics: clinical pharmacology-the branch of pharmacology
that deals with drugs; chemicals that care used in medicine for the treatment,
prevention and diagnosis of disease in humans
13. Steps involved in developing/approving new drug in the U.S: *preclinical
*Phase I, II and III studies
*Once finish phase III evaluated by FDA
*Approved drug given brand name
*Phase IV continual evaluation
14. PreClinical Trials: Chemicals tested on lab animals
15. Phase One Study: Chemicals tested human volunteers for several months
Dropped If: too toxic, unacceptable adverse reactions, lack therapeutic effect in
humans
16. Phase Two Study: Drug tried on informed pt's
Dropped if: less effective than anticipated, too toxic, low benefit-to-risk ratio
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1. Adverse Effects: drugs effects that are not to the desired therapeutic affects;
may be unpleasant or even dangerous
2. Brand Name: name given to a drug the pharmaceutical company that
developed it; also called a trade name
3. Chemical Name: name that reflects the chemical structure of a drug
4. Drugs: chemicals that are introduced into the body to bring about some sort of
change
5. FDA: federal agency responsible for the regulation and enforcement of drug
evaluation and distribution policies
6. Generic Drugs: drugs sold by their chemical name, not brand or trade name
products
7. Generic Name: the original designation that a drug is given when the drug
company that develops it applies for the approval process
8. Genetic Engineering: process of altering DNA, usually of bacteria, to produce
a chemical to be used as a drug
9. Orphan Drugs: drugs that have been discovered but would not be profitable for
a drug company to develop; usually drugs that would treat only a small number
of people; these orphans can be adopted by drug companies to be developed
10. Over the Counter OTC: available without a prescription for self treatment of
a variety of complaints, deemed to be safe if used as directed 11.
Pharmacology: the study of the biological effects of chemicals
12. Pharmacotherapeutics: clinical pharmacology-the branch of pharmacology
that deals with drugs; chemicals that care used in medicine for the treatment,
prevention and diagnosis of disease in humans
13. Steps involved in developing/approving new drug in the U.S: *preclinical
*Phase I, II and III studies
*Once finish phase III evaluated by FDA
*Approved drug given brand name
*Phase IV continual evaluation
14. PreClinical Trials: Chemicals tested on lab animals
15. Phase One Study: Chemicals tested human volunteers for several months
Dropped If: too toxic, unacceptable adverse reactions, lack therapeutic effect in
humans
16. Phase Two Study: Drug tried on informed pt's
Dropped if: less effective than anticipated, too toxic, low benefit-to-risk ratio
1/3
