MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 1
List of to be studied Essential Micro-organisms for course mechanisms of disease 1
Bachelor Medicine, second year
Course year 2024-2025
Table of Contents
A. BACTERIA.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Pilli: s. pyogenes, haemofilus influenzae, neisseria beide, e. coli, salmonella enterica, vibrio cholerae, bacteroides fragilis, legionella........................................................7
B. VIRUSES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
C. FUNGI AND YEASTS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
D. PROTOZOA......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
E. WORMS (helminths)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
A. BACTERIA............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
B. VIRUSES............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
C. FUNGI AND YEASTS............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
D. PROTOZOA........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
E. WORMS (helminths)............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
1
, MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 1
A. BACTERIA
Micro- Infection and clinical Pathogenesis and main Host defense disorder Diagnostics tests Treatment
organisms presentation virulence factors
Staphylococcu Infections: Surface binding proteins play a - Barrière functie - Coagulase + - Superficial lesions will
s aureus Wond-infectie, boils, (bullous) role in early stages of infection - Granulocytopedia - Gram stain resolve
impetigo, other skin and soft - Blood cultures for spontaneously
tissue infections (SSTI), Virulence factors deep infections - Oxacilline
sepsis, osteomyelitis, - Peptidoglycan - 1st or 2nd generation
endocarditis - Adhesive proteïnen cephalosporines
- Coagulase
Clinical presentation - Toxinen (superantigen,
- Skin infections exfoliative toxin)
- Fever - Biofilm formation
- Heart murmur
(endocarditis)
- Toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcu Infections of intravasculaire Low, virulence infections, caused - Barrière functie - Coagulase – - Vancomycine (often
s epidermidis katheters & geïmplanteerde by biofilm formation on foreign - Granulocytopedia - Gram stain multi-drug resistant)
protheses material - Blood culture
Clinical presentation Virulence factors
- Hospital-associated - Adhesive proteins
infection (foreign body) - Biofilm formation
Streptococcus Infections: tonsillitis, scarlet Surface molecule binden aan - Barrière functie - Gram stain - Penicilline G
pyogenes fever, otitis media, erysipelas fibronectine. M protein supports - Granulocytopedia - Throat culture - Allergie: macrolide of
nasopharyngeal cell adherence. - Blood culture clindamycine
Clinical presentation (systemische
- Sore throat (acute Clinical presentation disease)
inflammation), fever & - Peptidoglycan - Serologie
malaise - Pili/fimbriae
- Overlaps met viral - Adhesion proteins (M protein)
pharyngitis - Toxinen (streptolysine,
- Toxic shock syndrome superantigeen)
- Enzymen
2
, MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 1
Micro- Infection and clinical Pathogenesis and main Host defense disorder Diagnostics tests Treatment
organisms presentation virulence factors
Streptococcus Infections: pneumonia, Inademen gekoloniseerde - Barrière functie (cilia) - Gram stain - Penicilline G
pneumoniae sinustitis, ottitis media, bacteriën start disease process. - Spleen disorder - Blood culture - Veranderende
meningitis - Hypogammaglobulinem - Antigeen testing transpeptidase
Virulence factors ie vermindert
Clinical presentation - Capsule gevoeligheid voor
- Fever, chills, cough, - Peptidoglycanen penicilline
dyspnea, pleuritic chest - Enzymes destructing tissue
pain
Haemophilus Infections: bronchitis, acute Unkown CNS, botten & joints - Hypogammaglobulinem - Gram stain - 3rd cefalosporines
influenzae epiglottitis, meningitis, arthritis ie - Sputum/blood (ceftriaxone,
Virulence factors - Spleen disorder culture cefotaxime)
Clinical presentation - Capsule - Complement deficiency - Amoxicilline (als
- Fever, sore throat, malaise - Pili gevoelig)
- Gezwollen neck/stridor - Adhesion proteïnen
(epiglottis)
Mycobacterium Infections: tuberculosis Inhaled droplet nuclei containing - Impaired cellular - Ziehl nelson Combinatie therapie
tuberculosis (pulmonary of extrapulmonary) tubercle bacilli are deposited in immunity staining - Isoniazid
the peripheral respiratory alveoli - PCR - Rifapicine
Clinical presentation infectie macrofagen - Interferon gamma - Ethambutol
- Fever, nacht zweten, granulomateuze inflammatie release assay - Pyrazinamide
gewicht verlies - Tuberculin skin gevoeligheid testen
- Hoesten/hemoptoe Virulence factors test essentieel
- Lymphadenitis - Lipid coat:
lipoarabinomannan & mycolic
acids
- Intracellulair – latency
- Adhesion proteïnen
Neisseria Infections: meningitis Spread from the nasopharynx to - Complement deficiency - Gram stain - Penicilline
meningitidis produce bacteremia, - Spleen disorder - Blood culture
Clinical presentation endotoxemia & meningitis takes - Hypogammaglobulinem - CSF culture
- Fever, hoofdpijn, nuchal place too quickly for immunity to ie
rigidity develop
- Petecchiae
- Septische shock Virulence factors
3
List of to be studied Essential Micro-organisms for course mechanisms of disease 1
Bachelor Medicine, second year
Course year 2024-2025
Table of Contents
A. BACTERIA.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Pilli: s. pyogenes, haemofilus influenzae, neisseria beide, e. coli, salmonella enterica, vibrio cholerae, bacteroides fragilis, legionella........................................................7
B. VIRUSES................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
C. FUNGI AND YEASTS............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
D. PROTOZOA......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
E. WORMS (helminths)............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
Table of Contents....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
A. BACTERIA............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
B. VIRUSES............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
C. FUNGI AND YEASTS............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
D. PROTOZOA........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
E. WORMS (helminths)............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
1
, MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 1
A. BACTERIA
Micro- Infection and clinical Pathogenesis and main Host defense disorder Diagnostics tests Treatment
organisms presentation virulence factors
Staphylococcu Infections: Surface binding proteins play a - Barrière functie - Coagulase + - Superficial lesions will
s aureus Wond-infectie, boils, (bullous) role in early stages of infection - Granulocytopedia - Gram stain resolve
impetigo, other skin and soft - Blood cultures for spontaneously
tissue infections (SSTI), Virulence factors deep infections - Oxacilline
sepsis, osteomyelitis, - Peptidoglycan - 1st or 2nd generation
endocarditis - Adhesive proteïnen cephalosporines
- Coagulase
Clinical presentation - Toxinen (superantigen,
- Skin infections exfoliative toxin)
- Fever - Biofilm formation
- Heart murmur
(endocarditis)
- Toxic shock syndrome
Staphylococcu Infections of intravasculaire Low, virulence infections, caused - Barrière functie - Coagulase – - Vancomycine (often
s epidermidis katheters & geïmplanteerde by biofilm formation on foreign - Granulocytopedia - Gram stain multi-drug resistant)
protheses material - Blood culture
Clinical presentation Virulence factors
- Hospital-associated - Adhesive proteins
infection (foreign body) - Biofilm formation
Streptococcus Infections: tonsillitis, scarlet Surface molecule binden aan - Barrière functie - Gram stain - Penicilline G
pyogenes fever, otitis media, erysipelas fibronectine. M protein supports - Granulocytopedia - Throat culture - Allergie: macrolide of
nasopharyngeal cell adherence. - Blood culture clindamycine
Clinical presentation (systemische
- Sore throat (acute Clinical presentation disease)
inflammation), fever & - Peptidoglycan - Serologie
malaise - Pili/fimbriae
- Overlaps met viral - Adhesion proteins (M protein)
pharyngitis - Toxinen (streptolysine,
- Toxic shock syndrome superantigeen)
- Enzymen
2
, MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 1
Micro- Infection and clinical Pathogenesis and main Host defense disorder Diagnostics tests Treatment
organisms presentation virulence factors
Streptococcus Infections: pneumonia, Inademen gekoloniseerde - Barrière functie (cilia) - Gram stain - Penicilline G
pneumoniae sinustitis, ottitis media, bacteriën start disease process. - Spleen disorder - Blood culture - Veranderende
meningitis - Hypogammaglobulinem - Antigeen testing transpeptidase
Virulence factors ie vermindert
Clinical presentation - Capsule gevoeligheid voor
- Fever, chills, cough, - Peptidoglycanen penicilline
dyspnea, pleuritic chest - Enzymes destructing tissue
pain
Haemophilus Infections: bronchitis, acute Unkown CNS, botten & joints - Hypogammaglobulinem - Gram stain - 3rd cefalosporines
influenzae epiglottitis, meningitis, arthritis ie - Sputum/blood (ceftriaxone,
Virulence factors - Spleen disorder culture cefotaxime)
Clinical presentation - Capsule - Complement deficiency - Amoxicilline (als
- Fever, sore throat, malaise - Pili gevoelig)
- Gezwollen neck/stridor - Adhesion proteïnen
(epiglottis)
Mycobacterium Infections: tuberculosis Inhaled droplet nuclei containing - Impaired cellular - Ziehl nelson Combinatie therapie
tuberculosis (pulmonary of extrapulmonary) tubercle bacilli are deposited in immunity staining - Isoniazid
the peripheral respiratory alveoli - PCR - Rifapicine
Clinical presentation infectie macrofagen - Interferon gamma - Ethambutol
- Fever, nacht zweten, granulomateuze inflammatie release assay - Pyrazinamide
gewicht verlies - Tuberculin skin gevoeligheid testen
- Hoesten/hemoptoe Virulence factors test essentieel
- Lymphadenitis - Lipid coat:
lipoarabinomannan & mycolic
acids
- Intracellulair – latency
- Adhesion proteïnen
Neisseria Infections: meningitis Spread from the nasopharynx to - Complement deficiency - Gram stain - Penicilline
meningitidis produce bacteremia, - Spleen disorder - Blood culture
Clinical presentation endotoxemia & meningitis takes - Hypogammaglobulinem - CSF culture
- Fever, hoofdpijn, nuchal place too quickly for immunity to ie
rigidity develop
- Petecchiae
- Septische shock Virulence factors
3
