age 1 of 79
PN 2003 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Nursing Considerations for congestive heart failure
......ANSWER........older patient's skin is fragile and risk for skin
breakdown make sure it is always dry and put some
cream/lotion.
-provide adequate support.
-rest between activities required
What is diabetes? ......ANSWER........A disorder of glucose
metabolism where the body is not producing insulin, not
producing enough or the cells lost sensitivity to insulin
,age 2 of 79
Insulin ......ANSWER........A protein hormone secreted by the
pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates
and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
insulin independence ......ANSWER........Ability of a client's own
naturally produced insulin to regulate blood glucose levels within
consistently normal ranges.
insulin resistance ......ANSWER........the inability of the cells to
respond to insulin
What is hyperglycemia? ......ANSWER........high blood glucose
levels
what are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia
......ANSWER........Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, and
blurred vision - later signs include pruritis, dry mouth, confusion,
fruity odor of the breath, abdominal pain, or coma.
,age 3 of 79
What is hypoglycemia? ......ANSWER........low blood glucose
levels
what are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
......ANSWER........Shakiness, anxiety, nervousness, diaphoresis,
palpitations, coldness, and a headache - late signs include
seizures, loss of consciousness, and death.
What is Alzheimer's disease? ......ANSWER........Dementia that is
characterized behaviorally by anterograde amnesia (can
remember the past but cannot form new memories). Visual
memory is also impaired, leading to confusion with regard to
orientation.
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease ......ANSWER........Stage 1. No
apparent symptoms
Stage 2. Forgetfulness
, age 4 of 79
Stage 3. Mild cognitive decline
Stage 4. Mild-to-moderate cognitive decline
Stage 5. Moderate cognitive decline
Stage 6. Moderate-to-severe cognitive decline
Stage 7. Severe cognitive decline
what are characteristics of vascular dementia?
......ANSWER........Vascular Dementia is caused by small cerebral
infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is
more rapid, and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
PN 2003 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS BANK AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Nursing Considerations for congestive heart failure
......ANSWER........older patient's skin is fragile and risk for skin
breakdown make sure it is always dry and put some
cream/lotion.
-provide adequate support.
-rest between activities required
What is diabetes? ......ANSWER........A disorder of glucose
metabolism where the body is not producing insulin, not
producing enough or the cells lost sensitivity to insulin
,age 2 of 79
Insulin ......ANSWER........A protein hormone secreted by the
pancreas that is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates
and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.
insulin independence ......ANSWER........Ability of a client's own
naturally produced insulin to regulate blood glucose levels within
consistently normal ranges.
insulin resistance ......ANSWER........the inability of the cells to
respond to insulin
What is hyperglycemia? ......ANSWER........high blood glucose
levels
what are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia
......ANSWER........Polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, and
blurred vision - later signs include pruritis, dry mouth, confusion,
fruity odor of the breath, abdominal pain, or coma.
,age 3 of 79
What is hypoglycemia? ......ANSWER........low blood glucose
levels
what are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
......ANSWER........Shakiness, anxiety, nervousness, diaphoresis,
palpitations, coldness, and a headache - late signs include
seizures, loss of consciousness, and death.
What is Alzheimer's disease? ......ANSWER........Dementia that is
characterized behaviorally by anterograde amnesia (can
remember the past but cannot form new memories). Visual
memory is also impaired, leading to confusion with regard to
orientation.
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease ......ANSWER........Stage 1. No
apparent symptoms
Stage 2. Forgetfulness
, age 4 of 79
Stage 3. Mild cognitive decline
Stage 4. Mild-to-moderate cognitive decline
Stage 5. Moderate cognitive decline
Stage 6. Moderate-to-severe cognitive decline
Stage 7. Severe cognitive decline
what are characteristics of vascular dementia?
......ANSWER........Vascular Dementia is caused by small cerebral
infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is
more rapid, and the disease progresses more predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
