Theories of justicte
Utilitarianism (consequentialism). Grafiek rechte lijn. rechts
- Maximise the total welfare of an entire society (everybody’s welfare has equal weight) .
- It is just if it has maximized the total good for all is greater than this net amount for any
incompatible act available to the agent on occasion
- Utility is the only thing with intrinsic value
- Everybody’s welfare has equal weight. It is an operationalized approach.
- Critique: but if you maximize and aggregate everything they you are insufficiently sensible to
societal distribution effects people do not derive the same amount of utility
- Critique: consequentialist nature & blind to minorities
- Neoliberalism: Efficiency as public policy cost-benefit analysis: to assess policy derives
from utilitarianism
- Vallentyne:
- V: Act utilitarianism: an act is just if and only if it maximizes the total wellbeing in the world.
- V: Rule utilitarianism: an act is just if and only if it conforms to rules that, if generally
followed, would maximize the total wellbeing in the world
- V: It is too demanding, it provides too little protection from interference from others, it is
insensitive to what the past was like, it is insensitive to distributive considerations
- If you focus too much on utilitarian perspective, you will miss a lot of info you will need for
just planning.
- Too much focus on utilitarianism & contractarianism due to institutional embeddedness of
actor-temporal dynamics Planners need to balance diversity, growth and equality
Egalitarianism. Used in socio democratic
- Equal fundamental worth and moral status for every human being
- Inequalities due to morally arbitrary circumstances such as natural lotteries of conditions in
which one is born are to be compensate through the difference principle
- Difference principle: max-min criterion: inequalities are only fair if they benefit the least-
advantaged members of society: choose policy alternative that maximizes people in worst
position egalitarian distribution of goods. Rawls.
- Critique: what should be equal (opportunity, rights, income?) + requires ‘over a lifetime
assessment’ + is all inequality bad? You choose for it
- Vallentyne: Egalitarianism justice is concerned with equality of some relevant benefits
- Causal inequalities caused by space: fully in the domain of planners. egalitarianism needed to
remove all inequalities that occurred throughout the process.
- Hartmann & Jehling:
- Emphasis on community, moral commitment to the community, participative and
collaborative planning approaches
- Social spaces to allow communities to assemble and collaborate 🡪 to facilitate social control:
the common goods
- The common city: It relies on an egalitarian rationality as rules of a common use cannot be
enforced (due to low excludability), but only mutually agreed on by users through social
interaction
Utilitarianism (consequentialism). Grafiek rechte lijn. rechts
- Maximise the total welfare of an entire society (everybody’s welfare has equal weight) .
- It is just if it has maximized the total good for all is greater than this net amount for any
incompatible act available to the agent on occasion
- Utility is the only thing with intrinsic value
- Everybody’s welfare has equal weight. It is an operationalized approach.
- Critique: but if you maximize and aggregate everything they you are insufficiently sensible to
societal distribution effects people do not derive the same amount of utility
- Critique: consequentialist nature & blind to minorities
- Neoliberalism: Efficiency as public policy cost-benefit analysis: to assess policy derives
from utilitarianism
- Vallentyne:
- V: Act utilitarianism: an act is just if and only if it maximizes the total wellbeing in the world.
- V: Rule utilitarianism: an act is just if and only if it conforms to rules that, if generally
followed, would maximize the total wellbeing in the world
- V: It is too demanding, it provides too little protection from interference from others, it is
insensitive to what the past was like, it is insensitive to distributive considerations
- If you focus too much on utilitarian perspective, you will miss a lot of info you will need for
just planning.
- Too much focus on utilitarianism & contractarianism due to institutional embeddedness of
actor-temporal dynamics Planners need to balance diversity, growth and equality
Egalitarianism. Used in socio democratic
- Equal fundamental worth and moral status for every human being
- Inequalities due to morally arbitrary circumstances such as natural lotteries of conditions in
which one is born are to be compensate through the difference principle
- Difference principle: max-min criterion: inequalities are only fair if they benefit the least-
advantaged members of society: choose policy alternative that maximizes people in worst
position egalitarian distribution of goods. Rawls.
- Critique: what should be equal (opportunity, rights, income?) + requires ‘over a lifetime
assessment’ + is all inequality bad? You choose for it
- Vallentyne: Egalitarianism justice is concerned with equality of some relevant benefits
- Causal inequalities caused by space: fully in the domain of planners. egalitarianism needed to
remove all inequalities that occurred throughout the process.
- Hartmann & Jehling:
- Emphasis on community, moral commitment to the community, participative and
collaborative planning approaches
- Social spaces to allow communities to assemble and collaborate 🡪 to facilitate social control:
the common goods
- The common city: It relies on an egalitarian rationality as rules of a common use cannot be
enforced (due to low excludability), but only mutually agreed on by users through social
interaction
