BCH 441

BCH441 - CH 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED what property unites C, h, o, n and renders these atoms so appropriate to the chemistry of life? ability to form covalent bonds -covalent bond forming by e- pair sharing -h likes 1 bond -c likes 4 bonds -n likes at least 3 bonds ovalent bond strength is inversely proportionate to what? c -atomic weight of atoms involved -smaller atom = stronger bond -H-H>C-H>C-C>C-N why is carbon so prevalent in bio...

BCH441 CH. 10 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS information transfer in cells -dna to rna to protein -dna gets replicated - dna replication yields two dna molecules identical to the original one, ensuring transmission of genetic information to daughter cells with exceptional fidelity -transcription: the sequence of bases in dna is encoded as a sequence of complementary bases in a single stranded mRNA molecule -translation - three-base codons on the mRNA corresponding to spe...

BCH441 - CH 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED what is thermodynamics? -branch of science that studies the effects of changes in temp, pressure, and volume on physical systems at the macroscopic scale by analyzing the collective motion of their particles using statistics why would you want to study the thermodynamics of biological systems? -understand how chemical energy is converted into life -by studying systems under diff conditions, we can measure basic physic...

BCH 441 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED zymogens synthesized as inactive precursors active formation: proteolytic cleavage of peptide bonds (irreversible process) used to make insulin from proinsulin used for blood clotting with serine proteases pancreatic zymogens trypsinogen chymotrypsinogen procarbozypeptidase proelastase pepsinogen isozymes

BCH441 - CH 9 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED lipid anchored membrane proteins are switching devices -certain proteins found covalently linked to lipids in membrane -lipid anchors may be transient, can be reversible bount -attachment to the lipid membrane via lipid anchor can modulate activityof protein -4 tyypes: amide linked, thioester linked, tioester linked, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol functions of membranes -barrier, delimits cell from environment -ke...

BCH441 CH 16 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED DHFR -dihydrofolate reductase converts dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate, a methyle group shuttle required for de novo synthesis of purines, thymidylic acid, and certain AA -tetrahydrofolate is the active form of folate in humans, inhibition of DHFR can cause functional folate deficiency -folate is needed by rapidly dividing cells to make thymine, so this effect may be therapeutic -ex: mathotrexate is used as canc...

BCH441 - CH 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED protein structure and function are tightly lnked -the 3d structures of proteins and their biological functions are linked by several overarching principles: -function depends on structure -structure depends on sequence and weak, noncovalent forces -the number of protein folding patterns (domains) is large but finite (about 1000 diff 3d folds) -structures of globular proteins are marginally stable (easy to denature - ...

BCH441 CH 15 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED factors that influence enzymatic activity -basics: rate slows as product accumulates, rate depends on substrate availability -genetic controls - protein expression -protein degradation (1/2 life_ -enzymes can be modified covalently -zymogens (synthesized in inactive form) -isozymes (composition/quaternary structure) -modulator proteins -allosteric effectors covalent modification -called interconvertible enzyme...

BCH 441 FINAL REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED strength of weak interactions van der waals: 0.4-4.0 kJ/mole Hydrogen bonds: 12-30 kJ/mole Ionic bonds: 20kJ/mole Hydrophobic Interactions: <40kJ/mole Structure of water 2 slightly positive hydrogen atoms, 1 slightly negative oxygen atom Dipole Moment in a Water Molecule corresponds to the O-H bonds having 33% ionic character the dipole moment of water points negative to positive What are the properti...

BCH441 UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED how many carbons in stearic acid 18 how many carbons in palmitic acid 16 how many carbons in arachidic acid? 20 saturated fatty acid function all single bonds allow membrane to move more fluidly, very organized unsaturated fatty acid function at least one DB rigid, less organized structure of arachidonic acid function and structure of triacylglycerols store metabolic energy and provide thermal insulation and...