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aqa a-level chemistry amines Questions and Answers What are the four structures of amines? 1. Primary (1°): RNH2 2. Secondary (2°): R2NH 3. Tertiary (3°): R3N 4. Quaternary (4°): R4N+X-. Why is ETHANOL's (alcohol) boiling point higher than ETHYLAMINE's (amide) despite the similar size and Mr? Both have hydrogen bonding BUT the H bonding in ethanol is STRONGER than in ethylamine as the O-H bond is more POLAR than the N-H bond and has potential for more extensive H bonding. ...

AQA A-LEVEL CHEMISTRY Group 2 Questions and Answers GROUP 2 What are the group 2 elements? Magnesium Calcium Strontium Barium Radium [[NOT BERYLLIUM]]. PROPERTIES What is the general trend about electrons? There are two electrons in the outer s-orbital which goes further. PROPERTIES What are the size of the atoms in group 2? The atoms get bigger down the group. Each element has an extra filled main level of electrons compared with the one above it. ...

As-Level Chemistry Paper 1 Questions and answers First Ionisation Energy down Group 2 Alkali Metals First ionisation energy down Group 2 Alkali Metals goes as follows: 1) The ionisation energy decreases as you go down the group 2) This is due to their being extra shielding for the outermost electrons the further down the group you go as well as the further distance between the outer electrons 3) These two occurrences out weigh the power of the increasing positively charged nucleus as you go...

Chemistry A-Level OxfordAQA Definitions Questions and Answers First ionisation energy The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions Relative atomic/molecular mass The mean mass of an atom/compound of an element, divided by 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 Empirical formula The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound Molecular formula The actual number of ato...

OCR A level Chemistry Questions and Answers Electronegativity The tendancy of an atom to attract the bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond Radical A molecule, atom or ion with an unpaired electron Acid (bronsted lowry theory) A molecule or atom that can donate a proton Base A molecule or atom which can act as a proton acceptor Alkali A water soluble base Standard Conditions 298 K, 100 kPa, 1 moldm^-3 Standard enthalpy change of a reaction (...

AQA A LEVEL CHEM PRACTICALS - PAPER 3 Questions and Answers measuring e.m.f. of electrochemical cells The standard cell potential is the e.m.f. between two half cells making up the cell, measured under standard conditions. clean piece of each metal, e.g. copper and zinc. degrease using propanone, place copper in a beaker with around 50cm₃ 1moldm⁻³ copper sulfate solution, place zinc in a seperate beaker of same concentration and volume zinc sulfate solution join the two beakers with fi...

AQA A-Level Chemistry - Practical’s Questions and Answers (1) Why do we use a white tile? To see indicator colour change better. (1) Why is a conical flask used? Can be swirled without losing any solution. (1) Why is swirling necessary? To ensure that solutions mix and so react completely. (1) Why does rinsing the flask with water not affect the end point? Water does not react ---> doesn't affect number of moles present. (Other 1) Outline how to carry out...

A level chemistry paper 2 Questions and Answers Silver nitrate+ nitric acid + chloride ions White precipitate Silver nitrate+ nitric acid + bromide ions Cream precipitate Silver nitrate+ nitric acid + iodide ions Yellow precipitate Substances that decolorise bromine water Alkenes Electrophiles Electron pair acceptors, attracted to electrons e.g H+ NaF and NaCl Produces misty fumes with conc sulphuric acid NaBr Produces misty and orange/brown fume...

Chemistry 9701 A-Level Questions and Answers Natures of amino acids polar, non-polar, electrically-charged Properties of amino acids white crystalline solids, high melting point, soluble in H2O Effect of pH on enzyme activity increases then decreases above the optimum pH Why does the enzyme activity decrease above optimum pH? the active site is changed due to the ionic bonds Describe the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity increases then const...

A-Level Chemistry Atomic structures and isotopes Questions and Answers State what is meant by the term isotopes? Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes of specific element (carbon) have the same chemical properties. Explain why. Same number of electrons in the outer shell. What is the difference between the atomic structures of any given isotopes? You just talk about the number of neutrons present on the isotope. 2) For example, one isotope has...