FRENCH REVOLUTION & IDEA OF THE NATION
- Ideas of la patrie (fatherland) and le citoyen (citizen) introduced
- Tricolour flag replaced royal standard
- Estates General renamed National Assembly
- New hymns, oaths in name of nation
- Centralised administration, uniform laws
- Internal customs duties abolished
- French promoted as common language
CIVIL CODE OF 1804 (NAPOLEONIC CODE)
Reforms:
- Removed privileges based on birth
- Equality before law
- Right to property
- End of feudal system
- Removal of guild restrictions
Reactions:
- Initially positive
- Later hostility due to taxation, censorship, conscription
MAKING OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
Aristocracy: dominant class, owned estates
Peasantry: majority, farmers/serfs
New Middle Class: industrialists, professionals; demanded unity
ROMANTICISM & NATIONAL FEELING
- Promoted emotions, folk culture
- Johann Gottfried Herder: volk spirit
- Language important (Poland example)
HUNGER, HARDSHIP & REVOLT
- Population rise, unemployment
- Migration to cities
- Ideas of la patrie (fatherland) and le citoyen (citizen) introduced
- Tricolour flag replaced royal standard
- Estates General renamed National Assembly
- New hymns, oaths in name of nation
- Centralised administration, uniform laws
- Internal customs duties abolished
- French promoted as common language
CIVIL CODE OF 1804 (NAPOLEONIC CODE)
Reforms:
- Removed privileges based on birth
- Equality before law
- Right to property
- End of feudal system
- Removal of guild restrictions
Reactions:
- Initially positive
- Later hostility due to taxation, censorship, conscription
MAKING OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
Aristocracy: dominant class, owned estates
Peasantry: majority, farmers/serfs
New Middle Class: industrialists, professionals; demanded unity
ROMANTICISM & NATIONAL FEELING
- Promoted emotions, folk culture
- Johann Gottfried Herder: volk spirit
- Language important (Poland example)
HUNGER, HARDSHIP & REVOLT
- Population rise, unemployment
- Migration to cities
