BIO 311C

This document contains the complete set of comprehensive assessment questions for the 2025 BIO 311C final exam, all paired with fully accurate answers. It covers foundational biology topics such as cell structure, biochemistry, genetics, molecular processes, metabolism, and evolutionary principles. The material is structured to support clear understanding and effective preparation for the full-scope BIO 311C final exam.

BIO 311C Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED Where does glycolysis take place? Cytoplasm What are the inputs of glycolysis? Glucose, NAD+, ADP, Pi What are the outputs of glycolysis? Pyruvate, NADH, ATP Glycolysis step 1 hexokinase Glycolysis step 3 phosphofructokinase (PFK) Where does Acetyl CoA take place? Cytoplasm -> Matrix What are the inputs of Acetyl CoA? Pyruvate, CoA, NAD+ What are the outputs of Acetyl CoA? CO2, Acetyl CoA, NADH Acetyl CoA step 1 Pyruvate ...

BIO 311C FINAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED Two black guinea pigs were mated and they produced 14 black and 6 white offspring. Based on the results what are the genotypes of the parent pigs? A) Homozygous dominant B)Heterozygous dominant C) Homozygous recessive D) Heterozygous recessive E) Hemizygous dominant B)Heterozygous dominant almost 3/4 of offspring were black so this is the dominant trait and since white offspring occurred (~25%) we know that the parents must both h...

BIO 311C Week 10 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED Central Dogma The process to create a functional protein. DNA -->RNA-->Polypeptide Transcription-->RNA processing-->Translation Gene Expression 2 Steps 1) Transcription: info encoded in DNA is copied to mRNA in the nucleus. 2) Translation: A polypeptide is synthesized using info encoded in mRNA in the ribosome. Codons There are 64 codons. Codons are redundant, meaning several codons can code for the same amino acid.. ...

Bio 311C Final QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED A suspension of algae is incubated in a flask in the presence of both light and CO2. When it is transferred to the dark, the reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) is blocked, and the concentration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) declines. Why does the RuBP concentration decline? A) RuBP is synthesized from G3P. B) G3P is converted to glucose. C) RuBP is used to fix CO2. D) Both a and b E) Both a an...

BIO 311C Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED Which of the following in an anabolic process that is endergonic and endothermic? A) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi B) C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O C) CO2 + H2O → CH2O + O2 D) FADH2 → FAD + H2 E) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O C) CO2 + H2O → CH2O + O2 Which of the following represents potential energy? A) Chemical bonds B) Water in a dam C) Charged battery D) A and B only E) A, B and C are correct E) A, B and C are co...

Bio 311C Week 9 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED Essential Properties of a Molecule of Heredity - Sufficient variability to store information. - Able to make copies of information. - Information should be accessible for gene expression. T.H. Morton Discovered that chromosomes are made of DNA, proteins, and genes. 1928, Fredrick Griffith Discovered the there was a change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of foreign DNA. 1944, Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod Discovered tha...

BIO 311c Exam 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED How are starch and glycogen similar? 1. Both are largely insoluble in water 2. Both are composed of α-glucose subunits 3. Both are storage polysaccharides What are some characteristics of cellulose? 1. It forms long fibers that are strong and resistant to digestion by most animals 2. It is composed of β-glucose subunits 3. It is the main component of plant cell walls Which are common monosaccharides found in nature? 1. glucose (main...

BIO 311C Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED Watson and Crick developed double helix model of DNA; antiparallel arrangement essential properties of a molecule of hereditary sufficient variability to store info, ability to make copies of info, info must be accessible for gene expression TH Morgan showed that genes are located on chromosomes two components of chromosomes proteins and DNA Frederick Griffith discovered transformation in bacteria; mixing the heat-killed remains of ...

Bio 311C MM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A+ GRADED What are optimal conditions for Rubisco to fix CO2 but not O2? an environment of moderate temperature and sunlight What is a major difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration? Both begin with glycolysis, but anaerobic respiration continues with the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, whereas fermentation continues with a simple oxidation of NADH. What is the flow of electrons in oxidation and reduction, respectively...