Essentials of Pathophysiology

Final Exam Concept Guide Know the Etiology, Signs/Symptoms, Diagnosis/Diagnostics, Clinical Manifestation, Risks, Treatment and Complications for the following: ▪ Gastritis Gastritis – inflammation of the stomach lining Acute Gastritis – (just acquired) ingestion of toxins, alcohol, aspirin or other irritating substances Chronic- 2 months to become chronic Triggers of Gastritis: Alcohol, caffeine, autoimmune disease, viral or bacteria Chronic Gastritis: H Pylori is always a factor H...

1. Review the difference between homeostasis and allostasis. Allostasis is the overall process of adaptive change necessary 2. What is epidemiology? . Epidemiology the branch of medicine that deals with the study of the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations….Review the different levels of disease prevention such as primary- preventionintermsofimprovednutrition,economy,housing,andsanitation Secondary- prevention that lead to the early diagnosis of disease and, in som...

Gastrointestinal system is responsible for -ANSWER- ▪intake, digestion, and elimination of foods and fluids ▪Proper functioning is key to adequate nutrition Gastrointestinal system includes -ANSWER- Upper division, lower division, Hepatobiliary Upper division -ANSWER- oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach lower division -ANSWER- small intestine, large intestine, and anus Hepatobiliary -ANSWER- liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Dysphasia -ANSWER- difficulty swallowing ◦Weight los...

Question 1 Which of the following is a systemic effect from an inflammatory response? A. Redness and Swelling B. Blisters C. Pus D. Elevated temperature Question 3 A nurse is caring for an adult client with atopic dermatitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Curving, white ridges between the fingers B. Chronic rash with thick skin C. Visible nits on scalp hair D. Acute rash following exposure to a plant allergen Question 4 What skin change is caused by th...

Question 1 Which of the following is a systemic effect from an inflammatory response? A. Redness and Swelling B. Blisters C. Pus D. Elevated temperature ANSWER: D Question 2 A nurse is caring for an adult client with atopic dermatitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Curving, white ridges between the fingers B. Chronic rash with thick skin C. Visible nits on scalp hair D. Acute rash following exposure to a plant allergen ANSWER: B Question 3 What skin ...

Question 1 Which of the following is a systemic effect from an inflammatory response? A. Redness and Swelling B. Blisters C. Pus D. Elevated temperature Question 3 A nurse is caring for an adult client with atopic dermatitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Curving, white ridges between the fingers B. Chronic rash with thick skin C. Visible nits on scalp hair D. Acute rash following exposure to a plant allergen Question 4 What skin change is caused by the...

1. What is gastritis? What are causes? • Inflammation of the stomach lining. • Gastritis is caused by ingestion of irritating substances such as alcohol, aspirin, NSAIDS, consequence of viral, bacterial, or autoimmune diseases. • 2. What is GERD? What are causes to this condition? What are complications of GERD if left untreated? • Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (contents of the stomach coming up) • Backflow of gastric contents into esophagus through the lower esophageal sphin...

1. Define pathophysiology. Pathophysiology is the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings and seeks to reveal physiologic responses of organisms to disruptions in its internal or external environment What does the study of pathophysiology include? a. Etiology - study of causes or reasons for phenomena Identifies causal factors that, acting in concert, provoke a particular disease or injury Idiopathic – unknown cause or origin b. Pathogenesis - development or ev...

Question Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD) is due to multiple factors. Which of the following is a serious potential complication of GERD? Answer Esophageal Cancer Question Hyperemesis gravidarum causes excessive nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. What can the mother expect to have if hyperemesis gravidarum is left untreated? Answer ;Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration Question Hyperglycemia is concerning when complications arise. Which disorder is related to breaking down fa...

1. A.M. is likely suffering from: Diabetic Ketoacidosis 2. What is the pathophysiology for the condition you believe A.M. has (etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations)? Etiology: Due to very high levels of ketones can poison the body and can develop DKA. This over production of blood acids (Ketones) Developing when the body can produce enough insulin, without that insulin the body can begin to break down fat as fuel leading to high ketones in the bloodstream (DKA, 2021.) Pa...