University of Padua

Document containing my personal notes taken during class complemented using the Janeways Immunbiology book 9th edition and the Abbas Cellular and Molecular Immunology 1oth edition book, as well as with videos and other online tools. The document covers all the topics covered in class including: - Introduction to the immune system - Cells of the immune system - Adaptive vs Innate immune responses - Lines of defense - PAMPs/DAMPs recognition pathways - Pattern Recognition receptors - Infla...

Document containing my personal notes, taken from in presence classes and complemented with books and videos. I attended every class and got a 30/30 in the first attempt of the final exam. Contains all the topics covered in the class taken in the 2024/2025 academic year including: - Clinical diagnostics regulation. - Review of molecular biology concepts - Methods used in clinical molecular biology laboratory - Molecular diagnostics of various human diseases such as: - Immune-mediate...

Notes of cellular oncology. These notes give insight on the hallmarks of cancer cells. The main blocks are: Cell senescence and apoptosis resistance: pathogenesis, telomeres, and therapeutic opportunities. Angiogenesis: HIF-1alpha and its role in promoting angiogenesis, angiogenic switch, relation with metastasis, and therapeutic opportunities. Deregulation of cellular metabolism: Warburg effect, changes in cell metabolism, ROS and cancer. Metastasis: promotion of tumour invasion, circulatin...

Notes on cellular oncology: Etiology of cancer, staging, and grading. IARC classification of cancer-related substances and examples. Cancer screening and therapeutic options. Tumour heterogeneity. Oncogenes: discovery, Ras, c-myc, BRAF, HER2, BCR-ABL (Philadelphia chromosome); each oncogene is described by giving information regarding the cellular pathogenesis, related cancers, and possible targeted therapies. Tumour suppressor genes: Rb, p53, MSH1, MSH2, APC, NF1, BRCA1 and BRCA2, XP, MEN...

Notes on chemical, physical and biological agents. Chemical agents: acid and bases, toxins, acetaminophen, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, ROS, mercury and iron intoxication. Physical agents: ionising and non-ionising radiations, DNA damage and repair mechanisms, damages caused by ionising radiations and radiotherapy, UV rays and related-damages. Biological agents: toxins, endotoxins and exotoxins, examples of most important exotoxins (e. g. cholera toxin, staphylococcal toxin, botulinum ...

Notes of pathophysiology of thyroid and thermoregulation. Thyroid: physiology, thyroid hormones production and function; hypothyroidism, classification, diagnosis, clinical presentation; hyperthyroidism, classification, diagnosis, clinical presentation; goitre, pathogenesis and types. Thermoregulation: description of body's temperature regulation; difference between fever and hyperthermia; pathogenesis of heat stroke; differentiation between exertional and classic heat stroke; iatrogenic hype...

Notes of pathophysiology of shock and anaemia. Shock: pathogenesis, types (haemorrhagic, cardiogenic, and distributive), clinical presentation, signs and symptoms, therapy. Anaemia: clinical presentation (hypoxia, compensatory mechanisms, jaundice, other associated symptoms), classification (reduced RBC production, maturation defects, haemoglobin defects, haemolytic anaemia), differentiation based on laboratory investigation (Hct, reticulocyte count, MCV). Well-detailed description of most imp...

Notes of respiratory pathophysiology. Physiology of respiratory systems and determinants of respiration. Obstructive pathologies: asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, and COPD. Restrictive pathologies: interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Pneumonia: pathogenesis, classification, and related signs and symptoms. Pulmonary embolism (PE): risk factors, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, diagnosis

Notes of renal pathophysiology. Glomerulopathies: nephrotic and nephritic syndromes, gluomerulopathies due to immune complexes. Tubular pathologies: acute tubular necrosis, pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis.

Notes of pathophysiology. Oedema: definition, classification, pathogenesis. Electrolyte imbalance: hormonal regulation (ADH and aldosterone), hypovolemia, altered natremia and altered kalemia. Diabetes insipidus: definition, pathogenesis, and diagnosis