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Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to show titrations of different types of acid-base solutions. The types of titrations performed were standardization and determining the titration curve. The titrations were conducted to find the unknown concentration of a substance by adding a specific volume of a solution with a known concentration until the endpoint was reached with proof of a color change from an indicator. Procedure: Experiment #1: Standardization of NaOH 1. Weak acid potassium hydr...

Purpose: The purpose of these experiments is to determine the equilibrium constant, Kc, and to understand LeChatelier’s Principle and how variables, such as temperature or concentrations, can shift or reverse equilibrium reactions. Procedure: Experiment 1: 1. The titration setup contained a ring stand and a burette with the beaker placed under the burette. 2. Using a pipette, 10 mL of acetic acid and 10 mL of propyl alcohol were mixed in a flask. 3. 25 mL of water and several drops of...

Chem 219 Lab experiments 1-8 SUMMER 2025 Portage learning/Chem 219 Lab experiments 1-8 SUMMER 2025 Portage learningChem 219 Lab experiments 1-8 SUMMER 2025 Portage learningChem 219 Lab experiments 1-8 SUMMER 2025 Portage learningChem 219 Lab experiments 1-8 SUMMER 2025 Portage learningChem 219 Lab experiments 1-8 SUMMER 2025 Portage learningChem 21

The purpose of this experiment is to study the effects of concentration and temperature on the speed of a chemical reaction. From this, we will determine the rate of the chemical reaction. Procedure: Experiment 1: 2- + 3 (aq) (aq) (s) 2 3 (aq) 1) In a test tube, 10 mL of 0.1 M thiosulfate ion (S2O 2-) and 0 mL of water were mixed. 2) In test tube 2, 8 mL of 0.1 M S2O 2- and 2 mL of water were mixed. 3) In test tube 3, 6 mL of 0.1 M S2O 2- and 4 mL of water were mixed. 4) In test tub...

Experiment #: 8 Title: Synthesis of Methyl Orange and Investigation of Acid Base Indicating Properties Purpose: Is to synthesize the azo dye methyl orange and investigate its behavior as an acid-base indicator. Through the process of using diazotization and coupling reactions and develop an understanding of how molecular structure and conjugation affect the color and pH sensitivity of organic dyes. Procedure: 1. In a 600 mL beaker equipped w/a magnetic stirrer, prepare a solution of 5% ...

Experiment #: 7 Title: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate – Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) Reaction Purpose: to synthesize meta-nitro methyl benzoate through an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction and confirm the product’s identity and purity using melting point and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Procedure: 1. Preparation of Reaction Mixture: a. Weigh out 6.19 g of methyl benzoate and place it into a 100 mL beaker. b. Place beaker in an ice bath and allow it to cool to below ...

Experiment #: 6 Title: Green Oxidation – Synthesis of Cyclohexanone from Cyclohexanol Purpose: is to synthesize cyclohexanone through the green oxidation of cyclohexanol using sodium hypochlorite (common household bleach) as an environmentally friendly oxidizing agent. The goal is to confirm the successful oxidation of a secondary alcohol to a ketone and to assess the purity and identity of the product through chemical and instrumental analysis Procedure: 1. Setup and Preparation: a....

Experiment #: 4 Title: Biosynthesis – Synthesis and Characterization of Ethanol from Sucrose Purpose: Is to explore the principles of organic synthesis by fermenting sucrose to produce ethanol. Procedure: A. Preparation of Yeast Slurry: a. Weigh approximately 3.5 g of dry baker’s yeast and transfer it into a clean beaker. b. Add 50 mL of distilled water to the beaker. c. Use a glass stirring rod to stir and gently macerate the yeast to break the cells and release enzymes. i. Add...

Title: Extraction – Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to isolate and characterize caffeine from tea using both solid- liquid and liquid-liquid extraction techniques. The process involves brewing tea to extract caffeine into water, then using methylene chloride to separate it from the aqueous solution. This experiment reinforces concepts such as solubility, phase separation, and purification, while providing hands-on experience with extraction, drying...

Title: Crystallization – Purification of a Sample of Impure Naphthalene Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to use the crystallization technique to purify a sample of impure naphthalene. Crystallization is a common method for purifying solid organic compounds. This experiment involves dissolving impure naphthalene in hot methanol, removing insoluble and soluble impurities, and recovering purified crystals. Skills gained include solvent selection, filtration, evaporation, crystalliza...