BIOC20

BIOC20 - LECTURE 5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED What happens after viruses bind and internalize? Viruses must uncoat and be targeted to the right site. What mediates membrane fusion in viruses and how? Specific viral proteins (fusogens), which are type I transmembrane proteins. No ATP is needed, fusion occurs through metastable conformational changes. Where are fusion proteins made and assembled? Fusion proteins are made and assembled in the endoplasmic re...

BIOC20 LECTURE 12 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE Due to technological limitations, ____________ vaccines lead to serious side effect crude An example of a crude vaccine Smallpox What are primary cell culture and immortalized cells? Primary cells culture takes cell from a living tissue and grow them in vitro. Immortalized cells are cell lines where the cells do not die (e.g. cancer cell lines). Explain what are the three major technological leaps in an...

BIOC20 LEC 10 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Retroviruses Viruses that replicate via reverse transcription. Reverse Transcription Process converting RNA into DNA using reverse transcriptase. Integration Insertion of viral DNA into host genome. Transcription Synthesis of RNA from DNA template. Splicing Modification of RNA by removing introns. Assembly Formation of new viral particles within host cell. Release Budding of new virions from h...

BIOC20 LECTURE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE T/F: most viral envelope proteins are type II integral proteins. False. Most are type I what are type I integral membrane proteins? They are a class of viral envelope proteins. N-terminus faces outward and the transmembrane anchor nearest the c-terminus of the polypeptide facing inside what are type II integral membrane proteins? They are a class of viral envelope proteins that have the opposite o...

BIOC20 - LECTURE 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE What are capsids? They package viral genomes and transmit them to a new host cell What is a nucleocapsid? It is a capsid with an enclosed genome What is a virion? A complete, infectious virus particle, possibly including an envelope What is an envelope? A lipid bilayer that encapsulates a viral capsid What microscopy methods are used to study virions? Virions are studied by electron microscop...

BIOC20 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED ANSWERS Negative strand RNA genomes Single stranded Cannot be directly translated To make proteins, the negative strand must be used to make a complimentary positive strand How to convert negative strand to positive strand? Original genome (negative sense strand) -> conversion using RNA dependent RNA polymerase -> complimentary positive sense strand Positive stranded RNA virus Does not need an RNA polymerase, can be directly tra...

BIOC20 LECTURE 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE Viruses Require host to replicate Viroids Small RNA molecules that catalyze replication steps RNA viruses Depend on RNA polymerases from host or helper viruses DNA-based world Transition from self-replicating RNA molecules to DNA production Reverse transcriptase Enzyme that makes DNA copies of RNA DNA stability Advantage of DNA over RNA RNA-dependent RNA polymerases Enzymes for RNA replication RNA-...

MIDTERM BIOC20 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE Virion consists of -Nucleic acid genome -protective protein coat -Some contain a lipid envelope Virion capsid Protective protein coat Nature of Viruses Obligate intracellular parasites (only replicate in living cell) Viruses lack Essential functions -synthesis of basic biological building blocks (nucleotides, amino acids, CHO's, lipids) -generation of ATP -protein synthesis (ribosomes, tR...

BIOC20 - VIROLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE GRADED A++ Where can viruses spread cell to cell and host to host, can spread across species barriers can infect all life forms What is DNA/ RNA needed for in a virus - replication and expression of viral genome - packaging and delivery of the genome to more hosts - modifying host structure to enhance replication virion complete virus particle outside the host cell what essential functions do viruses l...