BIOC405

EXAM 3 BIOC405 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Pyruvate fate in hypoxic conditions, cells without mitochondria, or anaerobic organisms pyruvate is reduced in the cytoplasm to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis in pyruvate fate in cells with oxygen and mitochondria pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria for aerobic respiration Inner mitochondrial membrane purpose Generates ATP Mitochondrial matrix purpose Pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cy...

BIOC405 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Where do each of the 5 reactions of pyruvate dehydrogenase occur (E1, 2, or 3?) Step 1: E1 Step 2: E1 and E2 Step 3: E2 Step 4: E2 and E3 Step 5: E3 What does pyruvate dehydrogenase do? Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation reaction that sets up acetyl-CoA for the citric acid cycle. It takes two carbons from pyruvate and sticks 'em onto CoA, creating acetyl-CoA. What differs about the fate of pyruvate under hyp...

BIOC405 LECTURE 25 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS What is amylose? amylopectin? amylose: glucose linear chain of α(1->4) linkages amylopectin: same as amylose but also has a α(1->6) branch every 24-30 subunits what is starch? what is it comprised of? plants store glucose as starch starch is comprised of glucose polymers in the form of amylose and amylopectin Why does glycogen phosphorylase have a limited reach? there is a groove in the enzyme that binds 4 mo...

BIOC405 LECTURE 22 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED What is ATPase driven by? protons going back down their concentration gradient made by ETC What is the reason for ETC to make H+ gradient? makes transporting H+ back to matrix thermodynamically favorable Which makes a greater contribution to ATPase: H+ concentration gradient or electrical gradient? why? electrical gradient bc protonation and re-ionization of a glutamate in c-ring subunits drives rotation ____...

BIOC405 MIDTERM2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Lipid molecules are said to be amphipathic, meaning that: they have a dual nature with part of the molecule being hydrophobic and the other part hydrophilic. Unsaturated fatty acids generally have double bonds that are in the cis, rather than the trans, configuration. One of the consequences of this is a 30° bend in the molecule Which of the following lipids is used for energy storage? triacylglyc...

BIOC405 LECTURE 12 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE Biological membranes must be ____ selectively permeable and allow for transmission of molecules and information Membranes can be used to _____ store energy and utilize that energy by maintaining concentration gradients What properties do membranes have to make them flexible? They must adapt to previous shapes and be self sealing (can't let cells leak) by: - must accommodate proteins of variou...

BIOC405 LECTURE 19 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE T or F: pyruvate is a key node in several catabolic and anabolic processes T What are the 2 fates of pyruvate? cytosolic fermentation or entry into mitochondrion for aerobic respiration Briefly describe cytosolic fermentation. Under what conditions does this occur? In hypoxic conditions (like exercising muscle), cells w/out mitochondria (ex RBCs) or anaerobic organisms, 2 pyruvate (from glycolysi...

BIOC405 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE [A]<=>[B] at T=273K [A]>[B] at T=330K [B]>[A] at [A]=[B]=1M, dH?0 dS?0 dG=dH-TdS dG0=-RTlnk at T=273k, k<1, dG>0 at T=330, k>1, dG<0 dG decreases as T increases dS is positive because -TdS has to be negative for dG to decrease dH has to be positive because dG is positive -> 0 conclusion: dH>0, dS>0 ascorbic acid (H2C6H6O6) can be protonated twice with 2 different pKa...

BIOC405 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Which of the following statements is generally TRUE? 1. Eukaryotic cells are larger and less compartmentalized than prokaryotic cells 2. Eukaryotic cells are smaller and more compartmentalized than prokaryotic cells 3. eukaryotic cells are larger and more compartmentalized than prokaryotic cells yotic cells are smaller and less compartmentalized than prokaryotic cells 3. eukaryotic cells are larger and more compartmental...