BIOL373

BIOL373 - UNIT 4C: INTEGRATED CONTROL OF WATER AND ELECTROLYTE HOMEOSTASIS I EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ What electrolytes is the kidney involved in in terms of homeostasis? 1. ECF volume through Na+ and K+ 2. K+ for excitability of muscle and nerves 3. acid base balance by H+ 4. Ca2+ ECF ion important for neural function 5. HPO4 and HCO3 How are kidneys involved in behavioral mechanisms? By driving thirst and salt appetite What is the homeostatic def...

BIOL373 - UNIT 7 - METABOLISM AND ENERGY BALANCE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Define metabolism, and translate it set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms Whether transformations of energy substrates (carbs, fats, proteins) are biased toward anabolism or catabolism Compare anabolism and catabolism Anabolism --> storage (build bigger molecules) Catabolism --> breakdown (into smaller molecules) What are t...

BIOL373 - UNIT 5 - ENDOCRINE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ What is a hormone? what does it regulate? Chemical messenger secreted into the blood by specialized cells regulates long-term and/or on-going functions (growth, metabolism, reproduction) What do hormones regulate in target cells (3)? 1. enzyme activity 2. ion transport across a membrane 3. gene expression --> protein synthesis Compare endogenous to exogenous Endogenous --> generated with...

BIOL373 UNIT 4-5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE What are 4 things physicians are interested in when looking at urine? 1. Colour 2. Clear/cloudy 3. Odour 4. Flavour Why did physicians historically look at urine? To determine health. What was diagnosed by the flavour and quantity of urine? (2) 1. Diabetes mellitus -> sweet taste 2. Diabetes insipidus -> copious amounts but dull taste (not sweet) What are the 6 roles of the kidney? 1. R...

MIDTERM 2 BIOL373 4AB 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ The vasculature of the mammalian kidney is unusual in that...Question options: a)It has ducts that nephrons empty into, which drain into the renal pelvis b)There are bends in the distal tubules of each nephron looping back toward Bowman's capsule c)Each nephron has glomerular and peritubular capillary beds connected by a portal vein d)It has two capillary beds between the afferent and efferent arterio...

BIOL373 MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED ++ Roles of the kidney regulation of ECF and BP regulation of plasma osmolarity regulates ion balance regulates plasma pH excretion of waste endocrine functions How much of cardiac output goes to the urinary tract? 20-25% Venus Portal System Circulation artery > arteriole > capillary > venule > capillary > venule > vein > heart - conventional circulation only has 1 capillary and 1 venul...

BIOL373 UNITS 6-8 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ 4 major functions of GI tract motility, secretion, digestion, absorption Material isn't in the GI tract until it has pass through the gut epithelium The digestive system interacts with the circulatory system by absorption and exchange GI system: digestion bream nutrients/macromolecules down into forms that can be transported across epithelium GI system: absorption transport nutrients, water, ions, vita...

BIOL373 - UNIT 8 - REPRODUCTION EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Summarize the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) Axis 1. Internal and environmental stimuli trigger hypothalamus 2. Hypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) 3. Anterior pituitary releases LH and FSH (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone) 4. LH and FSH act on somatic cells What is the effect of stimulating somatic cells? Support gametogenesis directly ...

BIOL373 UNITS 1-3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE What is physiology? the science of the function of living systems What is our understanding of human physiology based on? Animal experimentation (rats). Function vs process Function -> why Process -> how What is homeostasis? Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment (especially ECF) creating an oscillation around a set point. What is the father of homeostasis? Walter Canno...

BIOL373 UNIT 6B EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Where are long reflexes integrated CNS Where are short reflexes integrated Gut in enteric nervous system Long reflexes - sensory info from GI tract to CNS - feedforward reflexes in response to sight, smell, thought of food, effects emotion - efferent limb always autonomic Short Reflexes - neurons in submucosal plexus receive signals from lumen - regulate secretion - Neurons in myenteric plexus regulate mo...