Nephrology

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Nephrology Exam 2 (Electrolyte Disorders) ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS What roles does calcium play in the human body? - CORRECT ANSWERS- Cardiac conduction - Muscle contraction - Bone homeostasis 99% of calcium is stored where? - CORRECT ANSWERSThem bones Homeostasis is dependent on ____, which stores < _____% calcium - CORRECT ANSWERS- ECF - 0.5% ECF calcium is ____% bound to what? - CORRECT ANSWERS- ~50% - Albumin Ionized calcium is essentially the same as what? -...

Which two of the following are associated with macrocytic anemia? - Fish tapeworm - Folic acid deficiency - Iron deficiency - Sickle cell disease - Fish tapeworm - Folic acid deficiency Both may appear as a macrocytic anemias. If a drug is given at intervals that are the same as its half-life, approximately how long will take the drug to reach steady state? It will take about 5-7 half-lives to reach steady state. the equilibrium between drug dosing and elimination. Please ...

Disinfection, desiccation, filtration, fridge, heat, radiation, and Sterilization Types of sterilization/inhibition techniques denatures proteins 15 lbs ,121*C for 15 mins Moist Heat Sterilization kills by oxidation hot air oven 170*C for 2 hrs dry heat sterilization 140*C for 3 secs, NOT STERILIZATION pasturization sterilization Damages cytoplasmic membrane and denatures protein Disinfectant: Phenol Oxidizes (iodine and chlorine) Disinfectant: Halo...

Dilution Formula Sample Volume / (Sample Volume + Diluent Volume) Sensitivity True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives) Specificity True Negatives / (True Negatives + False Positives) Anion Gap [Na+] + [K+] - [Cl-] + [HCO3-] Beer's law A = abc a = absorbance b = path length c = concentration LDL cholesterol Total cholesterol - (HDL + Triglycerides/5) Coefficient of Variation (Standard Deviation/Mean) x 100 Concentration calc...

Indole Positive and Negative example. Positive: E. coli Negative Kleb. pneumo Methyl red Positive and Negative example. Positive: E. coli Negative: Kleb. pneumo Citrate Positive and Negative examples. Positive: Kleb. pneumo Negative: E. coli VP and Citrate reactions for E. coli and Kleb. pneumo: E. coli: negative Kleb. pneumo: positive Eosinophils in urine sediment indicate: acute interstitial nephritis What is measured in procainamide? N-acetylproc...