Clinical Pharmacology

1. Which of the following statements is correct? 1. Drugs showing a large VD can be efficiently removed by dialysis of the plasma. 2. Stressful emotions can lead to a slowing of drug absorption. 3. If the VD for a drug is small, most of the drug is in the extraplasmic space. 4. Weak bases are absorbed efficiently across the epithelial cells of the stomach. 2. Stressful emotions can lead to a slowing of drug absorption. 2. Which of the following statements is correct? 1. Coadministration of...

Pharmokinetics what the body does to the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) Pharmacodynamics what the drug does to the body; mechanism of action Why do we administer drugs intramuscularly? For drugs with poor absorption (or no IV line) What routes bypasses the liver(portal circulation) initially? Rectal and sublingual What are the 4 steps of a Pharmacokinetic Study? Step 1 : dose animal or human Step 2: collect samples(blood,urine,stool,bile) at various timepoints...

A 32-year-old woman with hypertension wishes to become pregnant. Her physician informs her that she will have to switch to another antihypertensive drug. Which of the following drugs is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy? (A) Atenolol (B) Losartan (C) Methyldopa (D) Nifedipine (E) Propranolol (B) Losartan A patient is admitted to the emergency department with severe tachycardia after a drug overdose. His family reports that he has been depressed about his hypertension. Which one of the fo...

What is clinical pharmacology the study of the clinical effects of drugs on patients with the goal of optimizing therapeutic strategies Define Pharmacodynamics study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs, their mode of action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. what the drug does to the body Define pharmacokinetics study of the characteristics of the time course and extent of drug exposure in individuals and populations (absorption, distribution, metab...

Name the types of Diuretics Thiazides, Loop diuretics, K+ Sparring Mechanism of action of Thiazides Thiazide diuretics work primarily by inhibiting the Na-Cl cotransporter located on the apical membrane of the distal convoluted tubule in the kidneys. This inhibition leads to an increase in the excretion of sodium and chloride, resulting in increased urine production. Additionally, thiazides enhance calcium reabsorption, which can lead to decreased urinary calcium levels and increased blood ca...

Types of receptors Ligand-gated ion channels G-protein coupled receptors Tyrosine kinase/cytokine receptors Nuclear/steroid hormone receptors Ligand gated ion channels Fast signal at synapses Respond to specific ligands Ions through impermeable membranes Selective e.g. Nicotinic receptors Ligand-gated ion channels as drug targets GABA(A) - benzodiazapines and barbituates for sedation and dec neural activity, ANTAGONIST: Flumazenil Glutamine receptor - ketamine GPCR pathways St...

Pharmacokinetics vs pharmacodynamics definitions PK - what the body does to the drug (drug, conc) - use concentration/time - the study of time-course of drug concs in body and factors affecting this PD - what the drug does to the body (effects) - use response/concentration - the study of drug effects and moa Possible reasons for overdose of a drug (exceeding maximum toxic conc) renal impairment reduced metabolism - liver imp - enzyme inhibition - pharmacogenetics Possible reasons ...

T or F: Bioavailability is the percentage or fraction of the administered dose which reaches systemic circulation True Name an example of a drug with zero order elimination alcohol You can assume a drug is completely cleared from the body after 1 half life false the autonomic nervous system is divided into what two divisions sympathetic and parasympathetic T or F: A drug with anticholinergic side effects would cause constipation True T or F Barbiturat...

Drug any chemical that can affect living processes Pharmacology study of drugs and their interactions with living systems Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:01 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Clinical Pharmacology study of drugs in humans Therapeutics ("Pharmacotherapeutics") the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or prevent pregnancy Properties of an Ideal Drug Effectiveness: most import...

1. The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion is known as A. pharmacotherapeutics B. pharmacodynamics C. pharmacokinetics D. pharmacy E. posology C 2. The medical situation when a particular drug should not be administered is referred to as A. side effect B. adverse effect C. drug allergy D. contraindication E. antagonism D Brainpower Read More 3. An unusual or unexpected drug reaction by an individual is known as A. toxic effect B. anta...