HBIO 320

HBIO 320 EXAM 2 - MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ What are the components of Cardiac output? CO = heart rate X stroke volume - Lungs will never be a limiting factor to VO2 max How can stroke volume be modulated? - Contraction strength - End-diastolic volume (preload) - Afterload (mean arterial pressure): how much of contraction pressure is solely devoted to opening aortic valve How can contractility of the heart be increased? - Increased...

HBIO 320 LECTURES 4-5 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Nervous system has CNS and PNS CNS brain and spinal cord PNS autonomic or somatic autonomic PNS controls self regulated action of organs and glands Types of autonomic control sympathetic and parasympathetic Somatic PNS sensory input and motor output Premotor Cortex Planning and organizing movements Contains mirror neurons Communicates with cerebellum for proprioceptive feedback After refinement...

HBIO 320 EXAM 2 - BIOENERGENICS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED How is NAD+ reformed after NADH is formed in glycolysis? 1. NADH (+H) is shuttled into mitochondria for ETC, forms NAD+ which is shuttled back to sarcoplasm 2. Pyruvate can accept hydrogen and form lactate (driven by lactate dehydrogenase) What is metabolism? Totality of cellular reactions including anabolic (+) and catabolic (-) reactions Bioenergetics Metabolic processes converting nutrients (foo...

HBIO320 FINAL EXAM (NEW MATERIAL) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ animal hindlimb immobilization/unloading models ______ and ______, while cordotomy/ denervation models __________ bed rest, casting, spinal cord injury lengthened/ shortened (?) immobilized muscle partially spares loss of muscle mass due to less loss of sarcomeres in series lengthened T/F: mass is a good predictor of Po false _____ is a good predictor of Po CSA soleus muscle in rat cordotomy mod...

HBIO 320: MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Muscular Dystrophy "A group of genetic diseases that cause progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle" Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) - most common - ages 2-3 - legs, then cardiovascular Becker muscular dystrophy - 5 and 15 - slower progression - pelvis - muscle weakness in heart Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy - adulthood - shoulders and hips - dependent on age of onset Duch...

HBIO 320 - MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY | MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ A contraction that creates force without moving a load is an ________ contraction. Isometric The ______ ____ stretch and absorb the force produced by contracting sarcomeres. Elastic Elements TIme to Peak Tension, Relaxation Times (50 and 90%) are all determined by the duration of the _______ transient. Calcium Rate of Tensin development is ________ of the calcium transient. Independ...

HBIO320 - MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ what is metabolism? bioenergetics? Law of Conversation of Energy in terms of muscle? -metabolism: cellular reactions including anabolic and catabolic reactions -bioenergetics: metabolic process of converting nutrients into energy -LCE: energy is not created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another (muscles convert chemical PE from food into mechanical KE + heat) what is oxidation and reduction? ...

HBIO 320 MUSCLE PLASTICITY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE Muscle degradation is not as influenced by _______ as muscle syntehsis Protein intake Muscle degradation rate is much more affected by fasting High muscle protein breakdown fasting or AA with low insulin Low Muscle protein breakdown AA with medium, high, or very high insulin Change in muscle length is caused by increased sarcomeres in series. Methods of increasing muscle length ca...

HBIO 320 UNIT 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE What is muscle plasticity? - Ability of muscle to alter its structural and functional properties in accordance to environmental conditions imposed on it What are principles of training adaptations? - Progressive overload: System must be challenged for further adaptations - Reversibility: Adaptations will be reversed when training is stopped - Specificity: Effect of training is specific to the type...

HBIO 320 MIDTERM 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Information that free nerves endings carries changes in pH due to repeated contractions, changes in temperature due to contraction or environment, inflammatory signals due to over use or injury Ion channels free ending nerve utilized Use ENaC and ASIC mechanosensitive ion channels, and TRP family. Match between trp ion channel family and the information they responded to • TRPV1 is stimulated by both caps...