Medicine and Surgery

Medicine and Surgery Exam Questions and Answers.

Platelet Functions - - forms platelet plug to control bleeding - secretes growth factors and chemotactic agents PMN Functions - - 1st cells to site of injury - scavenger - kills bacteria - cleans wound - secretes inflammatory mediators & MMP's Macrophage Functions - - directs repair process - assists with killing bacteria & cleaning wound - secretes growth factors and MMP's Mast cell functions - - secretes enzymes - secretes inflammatory mediators What triggers wound healing ? ...

Patient history should include: - demographics, lifestyle & functional status, current/past medical & wound history Systems review of: - cardiopulm, MS, neuromuscular, GI, integumentary systems Test & Measures for: - wound & periwound characteristics circulation sensation Exam the wound: - location, size, characteristics, edges, drainage, & odor Wound size can be measured via: - direct measurement, wound tracing, photographs, or total body surface area Wound tracing - Transparent paper ...

Abrasions - caused by friction Partial thickness (superficial or deep) Light to mod bleeding Contaminated ? Abrasion interventions - irrigate and/or debride Dressing: moisture retentive (if clean) Antimicrobial and gauze dressing if contaminated Skin tears - caused by shear or friction Partial thickness (superficial or deep) Linear tear or flap Edges may/not be approximated Slight serous drainage Bleeding minimal to significant More common in older adults Skin tear interventions - ...

Medical model 1. Focus on disease 2. Primary system 3. Outcome = life/death 4. Professional directed Wholistic model - 1. Focus on person 2. System interaction 3. Outcome = function 4. Client involvement The HOP-FA model helps PT's establish a _______ - Plan of Care (POC) Evidence-based practice (EBP) - refers to the use of current knowledge & research to guide clinical decision making within the context of the individual client Efficacy - the outcomes of interventions provided in...

Postural drainage: upper lobes - apical - Sitting upright, leaning back slightly (30 deg) Postural drainage: upper lobes- posterior - Pt leans over folded pillow at 30 deg angle Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise - Sniffing "sequence" Stair climbing Facilitation techniques for diaphragmatic breathing - counterpressure over patient's dominant hand during inspiration Quick stretch just before inspiration begins Theraband around lower costal region How can you progress diaphragmatic...

The conceptual framework of pedagogy. Clinical practice involves:ICF, HOP-FA, and theories of motor control Phase 1 of Differential Diagnosis 1. Medical screening to identify medical conditions 2. Decide to treat, refer, or do both Phase 2 of Differential Diagnosis : PT diagnosis, prognosis, & POC Step 1: HOP-FA develops the initial hypothesis Step 2: HOP-FA initial data collection *child/parent observations *pt. History Step 3: HOP-FA Develop problem statement Step 4: HOP-FA Hypothesi...

Limb-Girdle MD - Moderate form Teens up to early adulthood AR (calpain)/AD (adhalin) Pseudohypertrophy and contractures uncommon Limb-Girdle MD: Muscles first affected - proximal muscles; hip/shoulder girdle, scap winging, lumbar lordosis, ab protrusion, poor balance, inability to raise arms, face muscles not affected Limb Girdle MD: Progression - Slow Starts in hips --> shoulders Milder impairments Walking difficult ~20 yo Spontaneous mutation Limb Girdle MD stance - Wide gait, pr...

trophy - decrease in size or wasting away of tissue Example of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disorders - Myositis Contenital Myopathy - Any myopathy present at birth Leads to weakness in skeletal muscle 6 in 100,000 live births Metabolic myopathy - Genetic defects with release of ATP and energy generating relating to muscle Myopathy - Disease of muscle tissue 2 types of atrophy - Disuse Neurogenic Disuse atrophy - lack of exercise can be reversed Neurogenic atrophy - Injury to a nerve that...

How many new diagnoses in 2011? - 1.6 mil 20% of all US deaths How many died in 2010? - 570,000 1500/day Top deaths from cancer Women - Lung Breast Colon Pancreas Ovary Top deaths from cancer Men - Lung Colon Prostate Pancreas Liver Survival rate - 65% will live at least 5 years after diagnosis Top 4 Deaths due to Cancer - Lung Cancer Breast Prostate Colon Top 4 New Diagnosis of Cancer - Breast Cancer Prostate Lung