BLD 434

BLD 434 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ The antibody isotype which sensitizes mast cell IgE Negative selection occurs in both B and T lymphocytes True Match the complement components to the pathway they would initiate when bound or activated. (iC3/CRP/MBL) iC3: alternative, CRP: classical ,MBL: lectin MHC class I presents peptides from _________ antigens. Endogenous MHC class II presents endogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells False Somatic recombinat...

BLD 434 QUIZ 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE What cytokines are released by macrophages to fight local bacteria? TNF-alpha IL-6 CXCL8 CCL2 IL-12 What does TNF-alpha do for a local infection? Makes blood vessels more permeable What does IL-6 do for a local infection? Creates heat from muscle/fat metabolisis What does CXCL8 do for a local infection? Recruits neutrophils from the blood What does CCL2 do for a local infection? Recruits mo...

BLD 434: OBJECTIVE 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Type 1 Lipids, lycopeptides in the presence of bacteria and parasites, in plasma membrane Type 2/3 do the same things, ligands are nucleotides, viruses and bacteria, endosome membranes (where DNA is)- viruses replicate in cytoplasm Type 4 recognizes the flagellin protein, a lot of bacteria in your gut, when bacteria invade epithelial lining, the cells respond Describe how TLR's main cell location relat...

BLD 434 QUIZ 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as appropriate]: C complement, main first line defense against infection Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as appropriate]: opsonin general name for antibodies and complement proteins that coat pathogens, thereby facilitating their phagocytosis by neutrophils or macrophages carrying recepto...

BLD 434 TOPIC 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ LATEST UPDATE C: the beginning of the name of a complement protein; first line of defense against infections Opsonin: complement framgents binding to pathogen surface, tagging them for phagocytosis Anaphylatoxin: complement fragments diffusing away and act as inflammatory molecules in high concentrations Chemoattractant: complement fragments that recruit immune cells to inflammation sites by creating a gradie...

BLD 434 - 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Grave's Disease type 2 hypersensitivity -auto antibodies: thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) -immune mechanism: TSI binds to TSH receptor on thyroid follicular cells, stimulating thyroid hormone release Types of hypersensitivity reactions 1. immediate (allergies) 2. antibody mediated 3. immune-complex mediated 4. delayed, cytotoxic immediate hypersensitivity (allergies) -IgE mediated -mast cell degranu...

BLD 434 - TOPIC 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Complement (C) a large family of small soluble proteins produced primarily by liver hepatocytes Opsonin a protein that acts as a tag by binding to a pathogen, inducing phagocytosis. Anaphylatoxin complement fragments C3a and C5a, which are produced during complement activation, induce inflammation by recruiting fluid/inflammatory cells to sites of antigen deposition. Chemoattractant soluble fragments C3a and C5a recru...

BLD 434 - TOPIC 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED neutrophils - in blood; completes phagocytosis - die after they've delivered all the contents of their granules, by apoptosis or NETosis Macrophages -long-lived and have the capacity for self-renewal - active scavengers that take up/degrade dead cells - mediate local inflammation and recruit neutrophils Identify the cytokines released by macrophages that cause beneficial local immune system effects - IL-1...

BLD 434 - TOPIC 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Lymphoid Tissue Inducer (LTi) a type of ILC that secrete lymphotoxin to create secondary lymphoid structures (lymph nodes/white pulp of spleen) during fetal development Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) express inherited pathogen-recognition receptors that are part of the innate immune response NK cells (natural killer cells) type of ILC that recognize and kill virus-infected cells prior to adaptive immune T-cells...

BLD 434 QUIZ 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GRADED A++ Define the following terms [including what cell(s) the term applies to, as appropriate]: C complement, main first line defense against infection. a large family of small soluble proteins produced primarily by liver hepatocytes. many of them are zymogens (inactive enzymes) which are also serine proteases, and they activate each other in a cascade fashion with amplification capability Define the following terms [incl...